Ali , S., & Lafta, hind. (2026). The development of writing the Qur’an and Islamic manuscripts in the Umayyad and Abbasid eras (41 AH / 662 AD - 656 AH / 1258 AD). Journal of the College of Education for Girls for Humanities, 1(33), 143-176. https://doi.org/10.36327/ewjh.v1i33.14759