Al-Zurfi, A. M. H., & Al-Zubaidi, . . H. L. K. . (2025). The success of Finland’s experience in pre-university education is one of the indicators of the knowledge economy and the possibility of emulating it in Iraq. Al-Ghary Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, 21(1), 328-358. https://doi.org/10.36325/ghjec.v21i1.19498.