Fleih , R.A.H. and Al-Zubaidi, . H.H.A. (2026) “The factors affecting the profitability of commercial banks are an analytical study of a sample of commercial banks listed in the Iraq Stock Exchange for the period (2014-2023)”, Al-Ghary Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, 21(2), pp. 1009–1040. doi:10.36325/ghjec.v21i2.18924.