Journal of Arabic Language and Literature
The Journal of Arabic Language and Literature is a scientific and open-access journal. It was established in 2001 in the Department of Arabic Language, College of Arts, University of Kufa. A double-blind peer-reviewing system is used to ensure the publication's quality. It is concerned with Arabic language and literature. It is specified for publishing theoretical and applied research. It is adopting the principle of (self-financing) for its financing. Abstracting and Indexing: Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Iraq Academic Scientific Journals (IASJ), Crossref, Google scholar, LOCKSS, CLOCKSS, and Dimminsions. ISSN (Print): 2072-4756, ISSN (Online): 2664-4703.
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Religious Science Terminology in Nahj- AL BalaghaAn Approach in Light of the Cultural Context
This research explores the concept of religious terminology in Nahj al-Balagha in light of the general framework surrounding it within the structure of discourse. It explores its significance within the social, historical, and intellectual environment of society, taking into account the values, customs, ideas, symbols, and knowledge that prevail within it and influence people in terms of understanding and interpretation. Thus, the text cannot be understood apart from the general culture of its producer, on the one hand, and its recipient, on the other. Hence, the researcher traces the religious terminology in Nahj al-Balagha texts, working to clarify their purposes in light of their cultural context.
Copyright (c) 2026 مرتضى شناوة https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Morphological Categories in Arabic: An Epistemological Approach
Objectives: The study aims to present a comprehensive cognitive model of Arabic morphological categories, based on their philosophy, their essence, and their various values. Methodology: The study adopts induction, description, and hypothesis. Induction traces the category through its existential and philosophical history, leading up to its linguistic context. Description explains its linguistic tools, and hypothesis is based on its functional values. Results: The study concludes that Arabic morphological categories have meanings that are realized in the divisive structure when specific morphemic affixes are added to them, whether prefixed, suffixed, or infixes. The Arabic morphological categories are: person, number, designation, gender, inflection, and predication. It states that Arabic morphological categories are the same as logical categories, since language is equivalent to thought. It also identifies the determinants of the morphological category. Furthermore, it has found that morphological categories possess competencies that ensure they perform horizontal centrality tasks to classify the divisional structures vertically within them. Conclusion: Arabic morphological categories have their own tools, functional values, and investment potentials.
Copyright (c) 2026 الدكتور محمد أحمد هويمل الخريسات https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Poetic Discourse Strategies and the Construction of a Universal Vision in the "Ice Age and Post-Ice Age" Binary by Khalil Hawi
This study aims to uncover the poetic discourse strategies through which the cosmic and existential dimension is shaped in Khalil Hawi's duality: "Ice Age" and "After the Ice." It proceeds from the basic premise that poetic vision is not an abstract idea conveyed by language, but rather a rich linguistic structure constructed through complex rhetorical and stylistic mechanisms, in which the phonetic, syntactic, semantic, and pictorial intertwine. The study concludes that Khalil Hawi's poetic discourse is an integrative one, endowing the text with a universal, comprehensive dimension and expressing the major questions of humanity: (death, resurrection, freedom, and rebirth). The results also confirm that language, for him, is not a neutral medium, but rather existence itself, and that the cosmic vision represents the final product of complex and intertwined rhetorical strategies, rendering the poetic text a cohesive unit that combines aesthetic and philosophical-ontological dimensions. The study adopted an analytical and descriptive approach based on the tools of modern linguistics within a stylistic framework that enables an approach to the levels of Khalil Hawi's poetic discourse. This approach combines linguistic precision in analyzing textual structures with interpretive depth in elucidating their meanings, achieving an integrative vision that highlights the organic relationship between the rhetorical strategies and the visionary structure of the two poems.
Copyright (c) 2026 علي عاصي https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Scenes of Death in the Poetry of Kazem Khajir and Authentic Dimensions
<a href="https://journal.uokufa.edu.iq/index.php/jall/This research paper presents scenes of real actions that reflect aspects of the war image in Iraq after 2003 in a documentary style through live filming in a specific and objective way The poet does not use the typical poetic language of poetry on the contrary he employs simple and clear language in addition to a narrative style. His poems include descriptive scenes in which he depicts a place a character or a dialogue that relies on conversations between the characters in the poem giving a vivid dramatic impression or creating a dramatic scene that reflects an action or a situation related to the concept of death. In doing so, the poet conveys an internal and external struggle.">This research paper presents scenes of real actions that reflect aspects of the war image in Iraq after 2003 in a documentary style through live filming in a specific and objective way The poet does not use the typical poetic language of poetry on the contrary he employs simple and clear language in addition to a narrative style. His poems include descriptive scenes in which he depicts a place a character or a dialogue that relies on conversations between the characters in the poem giving a vivid dramatic impression or creating a dramatic scene that reflects an action or a situation related to the concept of death. In doing so, the poet conveys an internal and external struggle.
Copyright (c) 2026 زينة وليد https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Ghassan ibn Abd al-Hamid’s Letter of Reproach: A Psychological Study
This study examines the Epistle of Reproach by Ghassan bin Abdul Hamid - one of the writers of the second century AH in the Abbasid state - from a psychological perspective, as a prose text that reflects the intermingling of the social dimension with the emotional dimension. In its first chapter, it dealt with defining the writer and his environment, and explaining the art of reproach in heritage, with an analysis of the most prominent ideas contained in the epistle. The study adopted the psychological approach, Based on the concepts of Freudian analysis, for a deeper understanding of the dimensions of the text. The second section was devoted to analyzing the psychological structure of the letter through two contrasting images: the image of the reproachful self, with what it contains of loyalty, pain, and wisdom, and the image of the reproached other, with what is evident in him of shortcomings and coldness. The analysis in the third section revealed the defensive mechanisms that the writer used to deny the accusation against himself, so that the text became an emotional confession that reflects the struggle of the self between emotion and transcendence, Which makes it an early literary document about the presence of the human soul in Arabic prose.
Defense Mechanisms, The Letter of Reproach, Self and Other Representation, Ghassan ibn Abd al-Hamid, The Psychological Approach.
Copyright (c) 2026 الدكتور جعفر العويدات، الأستاذ الدكتور رغدة الزبون https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Al-Safadi's (d. 764 AH) linguistic views on Tamam al-Matun on Ibn Zaydoun's epistle
This research examines linguistic issues at various levels of phonetics, morphology, syntax, and semantics, as mentioned by a renowned scholar of the eighth century AH, Khalil ibn Ayyub, known as al-Safadi (d. 764 AH), in his book Tamam al-Matun fi Sharh Risalat Ibn Zaydun (The Completion of Texts in the Explanation of Ibn Zaydun's Treatise). The importance of the research stems from the value of the treatise and his interest in explaining it. The research highlights the book to explain and clarify its linguistic issues. The aim of the research was to explain his linguistic statements, which reveal another side of Al-Safadi that was not known, namely that he was a linguist knowledgeable about language, its rules, and its origins, in addition to his knowledge and fame in poetry, composition, literature, and rhetoric. He was known to be a writer, poet, prose writer, and historian, and he has many classifications. Therefore, the book is an example of his linguistic views in particular and the views that prevailed in the eighth century AH in general. This raises the following research questions: Did Al-Safadi have his own linguistic views that differed from those of other linguists? Or did he follow them? The research required the use of a descriptive and analytical approach to monitor and analyze the views and then reach the research results.
Copyright (c) 2026 بشرى كاظم https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Comparative Study of Themes in "Layla and Majnun" by Qays ibn al-Mulawwah and Fuzuli’s "Layla and Majnun"
Objectives: This comparative study aims to analyze the story of "Layla and Majnun" in Arabic literature as narrated by Qays ibn Al-Mulawwah, and compare it with the Turkish version by the poet Fuzuli, to identify similarities and differences, and explore the transmission and evolution of literary themes across Islamic cultures. Methodology: The study adopted a comparative approach to analyze two literary works: the original Arabic text represented in the Diwan Majnun Layla by the poet Qays ibn al-Mulawwah, and the Turkish poetic work Layla and Majnun by Muhammad Fuzuli. The analysis focused on thematic and artistic examination, particularly tracing the transformations introduced by Fuzuli, such as the shift from an emotional tone to a Sufi one, as well as the addition of new events absent from the original Arabic narrative. Results: The study reveals that Fuzuli did not merely imitate the Arabic story but added Sufi and creative dimensions, transforming it into a cohesive literary work. It also shows how the story returned to modern Arabic literature through Ahmed Shawqi’s play "Majnun Layla," highlighting ongoing intercultural exchange. Conclusion: The comparison demonstrates that "Layla and Majnun" is a living model of mutual influence between Islamic literatures, evolving from chaste love in Arabic literature to Sufi symbolism in Turkish literature, and then back to Arabic in a renewed form, underscoring the dynamism of cultural exchange.
Copyright (c) 2026 صیاد پناهی https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Imam Ali's (peace be upon him) Letters to Mu'awiya: A Critical Discourse Analysis Based on Van Dijk’s Socio-Cognitive Approach
This study examines the letters of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) to Muawiya from the perspective of Critical Discourse Analysis, following Teun van Dijk’s socio-cognitive approach. It focuses on deconstructing the discursive and semantic structures employed by the Imam to affirm his legitimacy and undermine that of his opponent, through cognitive representations, collective memory, and symbolic constructions of the self and the other. The study reveals how language functions in the production of hegemony and the reshaping of collective consciousness within the context of early Islamic political conflict.
Copyright (c) 2025 زهراء البرقعاوي https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Images of Quranic intertextuality in the poetry of Abdul Mohsen Al-Kazemi
<a href="https://journal.uokufa.edu.iq/index.php/jall/Abdul Mohsen Al-Kadhimi is one of the contemporary Iraqi poets who have a prominent role on the literary level in the Iraqi literary arena, as he learned the principles of reading and writing, and began to read books that discuss the Qur’anic texts, and devoted himself to reading literary books and letters, and was fond of memorizing poetry, after that he emigrated from Iraq. His poetry is known for its quality, strength, good style and solid rhyme. His author is unmatched in his long breath and lightness of the sea. He was influenced by the Holy Qur’an, and was able to melt in the furnace of his poetic experience many different discourses in terms of time and thought, using the use of Qur’anic texts in his poems, as the Qur’anic text is a rich source of intertextuality and poetic inspiration, so it is necessary to be careful to attribute the Qur’an to God. From this standpoint, the researcher's mind was occupied with the manifestation of Quranic verbal intertextuality in Abdul Mohsen Al-Kadhimi's poetry, so as to shed light on it within the descriptive-analytical approach in explaining and analyzing texts, with the aim of revealing intertextuality in Abdul Mohsen Al-Kadhimi's poetry. The research results indicate that Abdul Mohsen Al-Kadhimi used direct and indirect Quranic verbal intertextuality in his poetry in an artistic and literary style, with a flow of words and meaning. He expresses Quranic intertextuality through the imaginary three-dimensional image of the mental meaning, the psychological state, and the tangible event. Through the use of intertextuality, Al-Kadhimi deliberately relied on his religious culture by revealing it in his poetic work. Thus, his intertextuality was consistent with the poetic text and harmonious with its structures and words, without the reader feeling the strangeness of this structure or its deviation from the words that harmonize with it. Abdul Mohsen Al-Kazemi has given verbal intertextuality a new form of expression.">Abdul Mohsen Al-Kadhimi is one of the contemporary Iraqi poets who have a prominent role on the literary level in the Iraqi literary arena, as he learned the principles of reading and writing, and began to read books that discuss the Qur’anic texts, and devoted himself to reading literary books and letters, and was fond of memorizing poetry, after that he emigrated from Iraq. His poetry is known for its quality, strength, good style and solid rhyme. His author is unmatched in his long breath and lightness of the sea. He was influenced by the Holy Qur’an, and was able to melt in the furnace of his poetic experience many different discourses in terms of time and thought, using the use of Qur’anic texts in his poems, as the Qur’anic text is a rich source of intertextuality and poetic inspiration, so it is necessary to be careful to attribute the Qur’an to God. From this standpoint, the researcher's mind was occupied with the manifestation of Quranic verbal intertextuality in Abdul Mohsen Al-Kadhimi's poetry, so as to shed light on it within the descriptive-analytical approach in explaining and analyzing texts, with the aim of revealing intertextuality in Abdul Mohsen Al-Kadhimi's poetry. The research results indicate that Abdul Mohsen Al-Kadhimi used direct and indirect Quranic verbal intertextuality in his poetry in an artistic and literary style, with a flow of words and meaning. He expresses Quranic intertextuality through the imaginary three-dimensional image of the mental meaning, the psychological state, and the tangible event. Through the use of intertextuality, Al-Kadhimi deliberately relied on his religious culture by revealing it in his poetic work. Thus, his intertextuality was consistent with the poetic text and harmonious with its structures and words, without the reader feeling the strangeness of this structure or its deviation from the words that harmonize with it. Abdul Mohsen Al-Kazemi has given verbal intertextuality a new form of expression.
Copyright (c) 2025 د. علي أسودي، عيسى زارع دانياني، زينب السلطاني https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Metaphysical Possible Worlds in Nahjul AL Balagha A Hermeneutical Approach
This research focuses on studying the relationship between the texts of Nahjul-Balagha and the references to possible metaphysical realms that are beyond sensory perception. Language has the power to evoke things that cannot be grasped by the senses. One of the methods used to bring these metaphysical concepts closer to the listener’s mind is through the use of material origins of metaphysical things, or sometimes those things may not have any material origin at all. Each possible realm has its own laws. For example, the realms of paradise and hell each have their own set of laws, and depicting them in the listener's mind by relying on things present in our world serves a motivational or cautionary purpose. Another goal is that, while the unseen (ghayb) is well-known in Arab culture, its concept was not always clear, as it was often surrounded by myths and superstitions. The possible metaphysical realms in Nahjul-Balagha are unique in that they are considered true in our belief, despite the fact that we have not lived through their experiences or laws. The Quran and Hadith were the main sources for referencing and validating these realms.
Copyright (c) 2025 زياد العبودي، أحمد عويز https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Imperative is held by the fundamentalists of the Sheikh Al-Naeini School (may his secret be sanctified)
This study is concerned with highlighting an aspect of fundamentalist semantic research in its late Eras in order to reveal the nature of this specialization in the study of linguistic structures and formulas, which is reflected in the research related to(the command is a formula and a substance), especially among the fundamentalists of the Sheikh Al-Naini school, as they form a developed fundamentalist school and have many semantic contributions, or which relates to the formula in which they wanted to, the properties of the Formula (do), as well as what relates to them in terms of their connotation of One-time or repetition.
Copyright (c) 2025 ناصر حسن، د.علاء عبد الامير https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Metaphor in the Holy Quran Scenes of the Afterlife as an Example
this research aims to trace the influence of metaphorical imagery in scenes of the afterlife, by examining their most prominent characteristics, including dynamism and intensity. this is achieved by selecting and studying examples of these metaphorical images found in verses depicting scenes of the afterlife, both sensory and suggestive, using a descriptive and analytical approach.
Simile, dynamism, the Holy Quran, scenes of the afterlife, condensation, simile .
Copyright (c) 2025 باسم شعلان https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Syntax of non-verbal intensive patterns: The Problem of Category Nature
The difficulty in determining the categorial nature of non-verbal intensive patterns, similar to other structures in many languages, arises from the fact that these words can exhibit both adjectival and verbal properties, which raises the question of their categorial status and their syntactic representation. In this article, we examine the categorial nature of non-verbal intensive patterns, demonstrating that they are adjectives, based on a set of diagnostics used in linguistic literatures. We also distinguish between intransitive intensive adjectives and transitive intensive adjectives that have verbal properties, and we show that the theory of Distributed Morphology proposes a suitable analysis that captures these mixed properties in the syntactic component, relying on some research, especially Afrah (2022),that worked on the active participle , given that it produces similar properties.
non verbal intensive patterns, categorial nature, Distributed Morphology Theory
Copyright (c) 2025 شيماء كجي https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Other in the Poetry of Malik bin al-Rayb
The research seeks to uncover the inner meanings of the urgent tendencies it contained, which were very consistent with its idea and title, “The Other in the Poetry of Malik bin al-Rayb.” They are, in fact, indicators of the character that the poet’s personality took and was based on, and was built upon as issued positions that express his point of view according to convictions resulting as reactions to an influential and pivotal action in the poet’s life. This relationship based on contrast and unity with the other constituted a problem for the research, and the research sought to do so by means of the linguistic method to uncover those areas in its examination of the poetic systems through which the phenomena under research were revealed.
Copyright (c) 2025 ماجد دهيش https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Pre-Islamic Poetry in Explaining the Rare Vocabulary and Interpretation of the Quran
This research explores the close relationship between pre-Islamic poetry (Jahili poetry) and the understanding of "Gharib al-Qur'an" (rare or obscure vocabulary in the Quran), emphasizing its importance as a key linguistic resource for interpreting the Quranic text. The research highlights the role of pre-Islamic poetry as "Diwan al-Arab" (the archive of the Arabs), frequently cited by the Companions of the Prophet and their Successors (Tabi'un) to clarify the meanings of vocabulary, reflecting its historical and linguistic reliability. It also addresses the development of the science of Gharib al-Qur'an since the time of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) and his household, mentioning prominent works that relied on this poetry. The research adopts a descriptive analytical approach, based on traditional sources and pre-Islamic poetry, analyzing evidence such as Ibn Abbas's citation of a verse by Tarafa ibn al-'Abd to interpret "hananan" as meaning mercy. The research provides examples illustrating how pre-Islamic poetry contributed to revealing the meanings of Quranic vocabulary, supported by the views of Quranic commentators such as al-Suyuti and al-Tabarsi. It also discusses the necessity of referring to this source to avoid interpreting based on conjecture. The research concludes that pre-Islamic poetry is an indispensable linguistic resource for accurately understanding Gharib al-Qur'an, calling for utilizing the works of scholars who relied on it. It also opens the door for future studies on the challenges of verifying the authenticity of poems attributed to the pre-Islamic period.
Copyright (c) 2025 محمد عودة زادة، جواد سعدون زادة https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Study of Orientational Conceptual Metaphors in Raad Zamel’s Poetry
This study investigates the use of orientational conceptual metaphors in the poetry of Raad Zamel Al-Maysani, drawing on Lakoff and Johnson's cognitive theory of metaphor. This research explores how Zamel employs directional metaphors to convey cultural, social, and political meanings rooted in his personal experiences. By analyzing the diverse symbolism of these spatial metaphors, the study illuminates the poet's conceptual system, consistent with cognitive linguistic principles, as it emerges from his experiences. Specifically, the analysis examines how Zamel utilizes directional metaphors to represent abstract concepts such as tyranny, injustice, oppression, helplessness, weakness, illness, and misery, grounding them in concrete physical states. Zamel's experience of war and siege profoundly shapes his poetic expression, giving his metaphors flexibility and dynamism and enabling him to vividly depict the trauma of war-torn Iraq. Ultimately, this study demonstrates the power of orientational metaphors to articulate complex emotions and social realities within Zamel's poetic landscape.
Copyright (c) 2025 فضيلة العلي ، سمية كاظمي، عقيل المالكي https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Place in the poetry of Ibrahim Al-KufahiBetween harmony and isolation.
This research presents a critical, semiotic study of the creation of place in the poetic works of Ibrahim Al-Kufahi. These works are divided into nine main titles. All the poet’s works show his interest in portraying the place. His works contain words representing the place like: Hell, Eternal Paradise, and Abqar valley. The study was concerned with tracking the places in these works, and the meaning they had for the poet, and it appeared that they are divided into four various kinds, which are: places that convey in him a feeling of joy and intimacy where he forgets his worries and griefs, and they are often related to his childhood and youth, places that give him peace and tranquility, represented by holy places, places related to griefes and longing, found in lamentation poetry, and places that cause him a sense of loneliness and estrangement, represented by the contemporary city and it's values that the poet was unable to harmonize with.
Copyright (c) 2026 تهاني شاكر https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The significance of emotions in the novels of Inaam Kachachi from a semiological perspective - Tashari's novel as a model
The novel and contemporary narrative criticism, with its various literary, cultural, and semiotic names, have motivated me to study the Iraqi feminist novel, since this novel has an important and prominent presence in the Arab and international narrative narrative scene in general, which required studying it from a very ambiguous angle. The Arab critic is accustomed to studying the significance of the linguistic aspects and what It relates to language and its tools, reveals its deep secrets, and explains multiple reasons for the results expected from its study. The tendency to study the themes of the Iraqi narrative in light of the semiological criticism addressed in the novel Tashari by the expatriate Iraqi novelist and journalist Inaam Kachaji, which mainly deals with issues that relate first to the issue of the component The honorable and ancient Christians in Iraq, with the antiquity of its successive civilizations and the liquidation of their existence through a spatial hierarchy, as well as what relates to women and their conflict with men, as well as the issue of alienation and identity conflict in light of the political, cultural, and social fluctuations that Iraq has been exposed to that have touched the Iraqi self, which requires studying all of these phenomena through a systematic approach. Semiological criticism and reliance on sociology as the appropriate approach for such a study. Semiology, as a critical method, is based on deconstruction, analysis, and synthesis, so that this study methodology results in a semiotic reading based on signs based on signs, symbols, and icons that indicate the manifestations of those emotions (such as love and hate, fear and security, space-time, And personality) represents the arbitrary, contradictory dualities that it represents, partly dealing with what Iraqi society was like in the forties and fifties, until the seventies of the last century. This study was conducted in light of the descriptive analytical approach, while the analysis of the texts was in accordance with the semiological approach. This study aims to reveal the new concept of emotion in Tashari's novel using the semiological criticism approach. As well as revealing the connotations of emotion, its signs and signs, in Tashari’s novel from the perspective of the semiological criticism approach.
Copyright (c) 2025 يوسف الطائي، حسين ميرزاي نيا، روح الله نصيري https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Representations of cultural identity in contemporary theatrical discourse, the play (I Will Die in Exile - Instead of Lost) as an example
The study aims to examine cultural identity intellectually, semantically, and aesthetically, its intersections with reality and cultural patterns, and its operations in the textual space, as a cultural signifier and a communicative field, sensitive to ideology and deep philosophies intersecting with the social, moral, and value crises intersecting with literary theory, In the midst of a systematic critical practice that adopts cultural criticism in analyzing discourse, especially since the text is based on the duality of awareness of self and society that engages with the artistic and semantic levels in form and content, to form a window to the identical equation, which carries cultural and ideological references, and searches the past and the future and anticipates its events, We have monitored concepts that are one of the research mechanisms and an important foundation of its main foundations in order to limit their implications. and its philosophical and intellectual dimensions, This is by pursuing the concept of cultural identity and its approach in literature, as a unique strategy that achieves communication between the human self and cultural and social systems, and to deepen the focus on what is going on in its orbit, we aim to research the extent of its connection to the crisis of belonging, through an effective cultural reading of the underlying patterns of accountability to reality based on the foundations of cultural identity that have become clear. Her features in the play (I Will Die in Exile - A Lost Replacement) by the writer (Ghannam). Ghannam), As an indication of the predicates of the horizon of cultural theory that investigates the question of identity and the cultural content related to the cultural patterns in the discourse, and its scenic manifestations that intersect with the cultural references, in the model play, and its semantic and artistic operations.
I will die in exile - replacing a lost one
Copyright (c) 2025 سلطانة غريز https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The impact of direct quotation on Najaf poetry (Kazem Al- Azri ،Mohammed Ali Al- Yaqoobi ،Mohammed Hussein Al Sagheer as a model)
Writers in the pre-Islamic era relied on quotations from the texts of poetry that preceded them. Because of its rhetorical implications, grammatical integrity, until the Holy Quran came. So, they were influenced by his precise texts and they invoked its meanings in their writings and poems. In addition to adding a religious image to these poems, to find acceptance among Muslims and those who are influenced by conscious intellectual texts, which was presented in its most beautiful form in the Holy Quran. Some poets relied on direct quotation; by employing a verse or part of it or they rely on the modified quote by slightly changing the words of the Quranic text without affecting its essence. This is what can be observed in the poets of Najaf profusely. Which made their poems to be in accordance with the Qur’anic idea and the starting point from which the texts came. Which makes the recipient and listener interact with the poetic text.
Copyright (c) 2025 غدير اللملوم، حسن مقياسي، حسين تكتبار https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Metaphorical contrast and color Metaphors In the poetry of Abu al-Tayyib al-Mutanabbi (d. 354 AH)
1. Objectives: · Identify the importance of metaphorical contrast and introduce it as an artistic style in Al-Mutanabbi's poetry. · Studying how Al-Mutanabbi uses metaphor and employs it in creating contradictions between meanings and creating images of opposite paradox. · Analysis of the art of stabilization and its impact on creating symbolic images in Al-Mutanabbi's poetry and its role in finding the color paradox. · Identify the symbolic connotations of the most common colors in Mutanabbi's poetry and analyze them artistically. 2. Methodology: The descriptive, analytical, rhetorical approach of Diwan Al-Mutanabbi was adopted, which emerged in: · A careful analysis of Al-Mutanabbi's poems to reveal examples of metaphorical antagonism and tanning. · Study the use of these methods in different contexts such as spinning, praise and satire. · Identify the symbolic connotations of colors in Arab culture. 3. Results: · The research proved that metaphorical antagonism and stabilization of the most important artistic methods used by Al-Mutanabbi and employed in influencing the recipient. · These styles contributed to achieving the proportion of opposing meanings and had a prominent impact on Al-Mutanabbi's poetry and the aesthetics of his images. · The research highlighted the importance of color as an artistic tool to express different meanings in multiple ways. · The research showed the diversity of symbolic connotations of colors in Al-Mutanabbi's poetry , which created a great richness in his poetry. 4. Conclusion: · Al-Mutanabbi used metaphorical antagonism and stabilization to enrich his poetic experience and deepen its impact on poetic imagination. · Metaphorical contrast and stabilization are prominent arts in Arabic rhetoric, and their impact was manifested in poetic rhetoric. · Color is a distinct artistic tool used to express different meanings in poetry.
contrast, Mutanabbi, colors, tanning, metaphor, rhetorical proportionality
Copyright (c) 2025 مناف آلوس، عقيل الخاقاني https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Qur’anic Concept of al-Siddiq: Between the General Meaning of the Word and the Particularity of the Example
This research study examines the Qur’anic concept of the word (Siddiq) according to the methodology of using the Qur’an to interpret the Qur’an, because words in the Qur’anic expression possess different meanings than their meanings outside it. The scope of this study was restricted to the Holy Qur’an and it followed the word Siddiq in it, observing its particular examples whose designation as“Siddiq” was affirmed by the Qur’an, as a specific group described in the Qur’anic expression with the use of this word. These are: Idris, Ibrahim, Yousuf, and Maryam (peace be upon them). The study then follows the commonalities among them, which caused the Qur’an to confer this characteristic on these particular individuals, to finally arrive at the Qur’anic meaning of the word (Siddiq) through this query, and then answer the research question concerning the meaning of the word (Siddiqin) in the Qur’anic verses 4:69 and 57:19, where the word came to give a general meaning. The study excluded the Prophetic Hadith and other narrations attributed to the Prophet’s Family and others, because this will be the subject for a separate study in the future.
Copyright (c) 2025 د. مديحة خضير كاظم https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Foundation of reasoning on Kharazmi's letter to the Neyshabur's Shiites on the base of the Perlman and Titica's theory
This research considers above subject on the base of Perlman and Titica's theory. Reasonings of the study make readers to surrender, silence and affirmation. The aim of research is, considering bases of reasoning about Kharazmi's letter to Neyshabur's shiietes and studies common grounds between writer and readers. Prosedure study is discursive pragmatics to reveal writer 'reasoning structure and then it demenestrates, how reasoning convinces readers and effectiveness degree on them. This study revealed that Kharazmi has used different reasons efficiencyly. Among these cases,logicoid reasonings with its two important subsets such as antithesis and comparison reasoning. The other reasonings are based on reality structure and also those show values and common cases between writer and readers. The writer has used many common grounds between himself and reader such as reality and the truth. These realities include applying values about introducing characters and their things, hictoric evidences and religious and literary cultures without getting help metaphor, simile, allegory, myth and symbol. The research demenestrated Kharazmi's high confidence to the realities, is a main factor of his access to addressed aim, that is, effectiveness on readers about defence from truth and chastiesment adversaries;however it hasn't allowed him latitude in creation of images. Furthermore, the writer has insisted on characters and their functions, so much. In addition, because judgement about people in different situations and by various people differs, therefore degree of effectiveness of these kind of reasonings is poor; while using logicoid reasons about other kinds of reasonings are more effective that Kharazmi in applying it has not been strong.
Copyright (c) 2024 ليلا رئيسي، حسين كياني، يوسف نظري، رحمن غركان https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Translation of meaning, translation of the twentieth supplication of Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya into Persian, a linguistic study
Objectives: Translation focuses on showing the meaning and the language (idea) placed in the context of the text. Since the text can contain many levels of meaning, such as the lexical meaning, the sentence meaning, and the textual meaning, it is necessary to study it from the perspective of these levels, so that the translated text is characterized by vitality and associative strength in the verbal and spiritual level of the vocabulary. Structures, phrases and sentences. Methods: This research, by relying on the descriptive-analytical approach, addressed the definition of the types of meaning subject in the three translational units (the singular, the sentence, and the text), drawing on the data of modern linguistics. The research aims to seek the help of interpretations provided by modern linguistics in order to determine a moral level that can be more accurate and useful during the translation process. Results and Conclusions: The results showed that the accuracy of the translation when focusing on the textual meaning is more than its accuracy when focusing on the grammatical and lexical meaning, and this leads to the vitality of the target translated text and the achievement of the associative strength between its sentences. It was also found that interest in the relationships of text sentences in translation was more accomplished in realizing the textual meaning and more important than interest in vocabulary relationships in each sentence of the text that constitutes the sentence meaning. Key words: Translation units, lexical meaning, sentence meaning, textual meaning, unit centrality, target text, source text, lexical translator.
Copyright (c) 2025 سيامك اصغربور، الدكتور حسين ميرزائي نيا، الدكتور محمد رحيمي خويكاني https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The The Inner Conflict Between Love and Belonging in Novel “Amal” Created by Syrian Writer Dina Nasrini
This research aims to reveal the types of love and belonging needs of Siham and the inner conflict in fulfilling them in the novel "Amal fi Suriya" by Dina Nasrini. This is a descriptive qualitative research that uses the theory of literary psychology of Abraham Maslow. It also uses the qualitative data that were collected through the library study and analyzed through text analysis. The results of this research indicate that Siham has love and belonging needs in the form of giving and getting love with her family, boyfriend, and her child. Siham also has inner conflict in fulfilling her needs in the form of avoidance-avoidance conflict that affects the theory of behavior, nothingness, grieving/loss, and aggression.
Copyright (c) 2025 همة الاستقامة https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Pain and Hope in the Poetry of Farouk Gouida: "Lan Abi' Al-Umr" as a Model
Objectives: The significance of the research lies in presenting an informative idea on the effective utilization of the two concepts, pain and hope, in his poetry collection (Lan Abi' Al-Umr). Methods: The texts of Gouida that feature these two terms, either in their direct verbal form or through poetic imagery or synonymous expressions, were utilized. The text was then analyzed according to the intended meaning. Results: Farouk Gouida, our Egyptian poet, depicted these two concepts in his poetic works. Pain, as presented in Arabic linguistic dictionaries, refers to the experiences a person goes through with their various sensory disturbances and emotional contradictions. There is a distinction between these meanings, on the one hand, and the ways in which the poet approached them throughout his texts, or rather the different ways he experienced this human feeling, on the other. Gouida explored how he dealt with this concept, varying the setting, the people, the emotional state, and the imagery each time. Similarly, the term hope—let's call it the hidden companion of pain—uplifts the suffering individual, revitalizing their humanity and preparing them for life through an idea conceived in the mind, which may succeed or fail. Thus, it is subject to the possibility of “may.”. Conclusions: The poetic image is the poet’s imprint on the idea that forms in his mind regarding the things and emotions experienced by humans, such as pain and hope, along with the emotional details and diverse images that accompany them. The poet delves into expressing, describing, and portraying these emotions, crafting words that resonate with human depth.
Copyright (c) 2025 سمية كريم بدن https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Story Writing and Storytelling
This paper aims to examine the coexistence of AI and human ingenuity in the storytelling process, drawing on insights from computational creativity, collaborative frameworks, and ethical implications, as the intersection of AI and storytelling has ushered in a transformative era, reshaping the landscape of narrative creativity. The discussion addresses the inspiring role of AI, the challenges of emotional understanding, the ethical dimensions, and the ongoing iteration of AI algorithms. As AI has become an integral tool in the storyteller’s repertoire, this article provides a comprehensive examination of the implications, challenges, and possibilities that arise in the dynamic interaction between AI and the art of storytelling. Using qualitative and quantitative approaches. This article using qualitative and quantitative methods, investigates the multifaceted impact of artificial intelligence on story writing, and while investigating the impact of artificial intelligence on story writing and literary criticism, it introduces the most famous novels and stories produced with the help of artificial intelligence and provides an example, mentions a very short story produced and criticized by the linguistic pattern of Gemini.
Copyright (c) 2024 کاظم عظیمی https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Correction correction is a study in theory and practice in selected error models
The researcher seeks to shed light on some linguistic vocabulary that is commonly used by some eminent professors, and this error often occurs in the halls of scientific discussions of dissertations (master’s and doctoral) and various scientific forums, so that the student who has been mistaken by those who make mistakes cannot respond or express his opinion. in the matter. The biggest problem is that I have seen some specialized professors, when they hear this mistake and its alternative is mentioned to them, they do not research the scientific issue to build their convictions. Rather, they think highly of the one who made a mistake and was correct, so they take from him an acknowledgment of what he said and an implementation of his opinion without scrutiny. The research places some erroneous examples in the scientific scale to reveal the truth. Is this mistake based on scientific and objective standards or something else? After the researcher presents the most important theoretical foundations from which the correct person draws his correction, and the incorrect person deduces from their loss his mistake among the ancients and moderns, such as the loss of hearing, analogy, and the like, which modern usage can be corrected in light of.
Copyright (c) 2024 د. مؤيد عبد المنعم الشيمساوي https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The rainbow structure of the beauty of words in a literary text Based on the "Theory of the Art of Expression"
Modern developments in recent centuries in the arena of literature have proven that traditional Arabic rhetoric has not kept pace with these developments. Scholars of Arabic rhetoric have divided into three categories: the first is a group that preserves the rhetorical heritage, and the second is a group that rejects the heritage, and the third category calls for modernizing traditional rhetoric by preserving its entity. But this researcher was not satisfied with these paths, and did not see any good in them. Rather, he chose a fourth method, which was to outline the features of a new rhetorical project, bypassing traditional rhetoric because it had already died and was no longer fit for revival. This project is not imported from the West, but rather stems from the core of the origins of Islamic thought. The researcher derived the principles of this project, which called: “The Theory of the Art of Rhetorical Statement,” from the general Sunnahs in our monotheistic cosmic vision. The research starts from the descriptive analytical method to answer a main question, which is: How can a new rhetorical project that stems from the laws of the universe and the rules of the outside world be formulated through the monotheistic cosmic vision? The research led to clear results in changing the course of analysis of literary texts, the most important of which is: the balance between the degrees of beauty in the words of the literary text and the degrees of beauty in the world of the universe.
Copyright (c) 2024 د.محمد خاقاني https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Metaphor and reality a rhetorical-cognitive approach
The nature of this research is applied and attempts to benefit from cognitive science as a science that has been shaped by several partial sciences, including practical philosophy, neuroscience, computer science, anthropology, and linguistics at the same time, after moving the subject of its study from reality to perception as a broad field of authorship, creation, and creativity. Cognitive rhetoric advanced important steps when it moved its subject from material reality to mental perception, and metaphorical and metaphorical expressions became realistic, scientific and social discourse that achieved intellectual achievement, after it had been viewed as linguistic luxury, aesthetic embellishment, lying, or both. Because it does not apply to reality; Therefore, taking cognitive rhetoric as an approach to studying eloquent texts that provide new insights that contribute to the development of this science, by moving from theory to application.
Copyright (c) 2024 خالد حميدي https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0