Effects of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Akaka plants Allium akaka Gmel on some standard pathogenic bacteria

Abstract

The present study was conducted, to determine the bactericidal effects of aqueous and ethanol extracts of vegetative parts of Akaka plants Allium Akaka Gmel. On some standard pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus(ATCC 25923),Escherichia coli (ATCC 35218),Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and Klebsiella Pneumoniae (ATCC 1031). Plant vegetative parts were extracted (crude extraction) using distilled water or ethanol (80%). Concentrations of 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000, 10000 and 20000mg ml^-1ormg disc^-1using Disk Saturation Technic (DST)  and Disk Loading Technique (DLT) respectively and 20000 mg ml^-1 delusions using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) were applied .Sterilized water and Streptomycin were used as control. Data was analyzed statistically using SPSS and treatment means were compared using Duncan Multiple Range Test at probability range 0.01. Results  showed that Akaka plant extracts contains antibacterial chemical compounds that affect bacterial growth. Minimum Inhibition Concentrations (MIC) of aqueous extract was 4000mg disc^-1for Staphylococcus aureus and 8000 mg disc^-1for  other three bacteria using DLT. MIC of ethanol extract was 2.48mg ml^-1for Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae and 4.95mg : ml^-1for E. coli. Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of ethanol extracts using ELISA Technique was 10000mg ml^-1for Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae,20000 mg ml^-1for E. coli and 625mgml^-1for Klebsiella pneumoniae.