Study of some physico-chemical traits of four tomato cultivars grown in Sangaw area of Sulaimaniyah province Kurdistan region, Iraq

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the physical, chemical and quality properties of four tomato cultivars grown under a plastic house in the sangaw areas of Sulaimaniyah province-Kurdistan region, Iraq during 2021 in order to study growth, yield components, quality, and some phytochemical characteristics. The cultivars were Hawraman, Sktan, Kunara, and Krbchna. A completely randomized block design with three replications was followed in this study. The number of fruits plant^-1, number of branches plant^-1, yield (g plant^-1), single fruit weight (g), single fruit size (cm³), diameter polar (mm), equatorial diameter (mm), shape index, fruit firmness (g), juice%, pH, DM%, pectin%, TSS%, TTA%, maturity index (TSS/TTA), total sugar%, total phenolic (mg/100 ml FJ), ascorbic acid (mg/100 g FJ), total chlorophyll (Chl. a and Chl. b) (µg/ml FJ), and carotenoids and lycopene (µg/ml FJ) was measured. The Hawraman cultivar obtained the maximum values of shape index, firmness, total sugar, ascorbic acid, and chlorophyll a with 1.520, 1152.440g, 1.880%, 39.031mg/100g FJ, and 0.591 µg/ml FJ, respectively. Sktan cultivar gave a higher value of a number of fruits per plant, yield per plant, juice, total carotenoids with (153.0, 6864.039g plant^-1, 65.652%, and 0.532 µg/ml FJ) respectively. Kunara cultivar achieved maximum values of a number of branches per plant, pH, TSS, TTA, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll with 13 branches plant^-1, 5.470, 7.667%, 0.523%, 2.410 µg/ml FJ and 2.693 µg/ml FJ, respectively. While the Krbchna cultivar gave the maximum values of single fruit weight and size, polar and equatorial diameter, total phenolic and lycopene with 73.943g, 76.553 cm³, 64.450 mm, 48.537 mm, 84.684 mg/100g FJ and 206.306 mg/100g FJ respectively. While no significant differences in DM% and pectin% of tomato fruits were identified across all cultivars in this investigation.