Assessment of Health Promotion Behavior Student's Teenage in Baghdad City

Objectives: The present study aims to assess health promotion behavior of teenage students in Baghdad city and to identify the relationship between students healthy behavior and some characteristics , such as : age, gender , level of education . Methodology:A descriptive study is carried out from February 4th (2012) to May 5th (2012), Non probability (purposive) sample of (100) teenage students are selected from the intermediate and secondary school in Baghdad city. The data are collected through the use of constructed questionnaire, which consists of seven parts. The analysis of data was preformed through the application of descriptive statistic (frequency, percentage) Results: The findings of the study indicate that thefindings of the study indicate that the teenage demographic characteristics has depicted that half of them are age group of (16-18) years (50%) of the sample have acquired better level of knowledge the Nutrition and its patterns and exposure to persecution (30%) , and male more than female in the study sample (60%) have Psychological and mental was more positive answer for boys by (68%) than Girls .Regarding to their education , almost (22%) of them are his forth class in secondary school graduates have better level of knowledge with regard to all domains of health The promoting behaviors. Conclusions: study concluded that there is a (Sexual behavior) respondent's domain is the best, then followed by (Dietary patterns), (Exposure to persecution) all these domains are pass Recommendations: The study recommended that all teenagers should take into account the promotion of health behaviors in school. There must be a lesson for Health Education in the science class, or the allocation of a few minutes to explain the importance of healthy behaviors within the prescribed curriculum.


INTRODUCTIONS:
Teenagers are tendency to be at high risk of health-damaging behaviors including smoking, teenage pregnancy, and drug and alcohol use.Additionally, the recognition of high levels of psychological distress is cause for serious concern about teenage health. (1)ost teenagers start making decisions about their attendance for health care at around age 15, and over half attend by themselves by this age. (2)eenagers are receptive to information about themselves and their bodies, and anxious to become more autonomous in decision-making. (3)ealth promotion is developed through a set of initiatives and Programs that aimed at the problems of disease prevention and identification of individuals and groups who are subject to risk factors . (4)ealth promotion views health as quality of life and fundamental human light to life and defines health as means to ( and capacity for ) life .It recalls that vital and social needs are registered and legitimized in social contracts that define rights and duties like the right to health and education among other (5) .It has been reported that information about practice services needs to be available in a form oriented to teenagers, and that it is important toadvertise to 16 year olds that they can register with a different GP from that of their parents, and that consultations are confidential. (6)esearch into teenage health promotion in the general practice setting is limited but indicates that teenagers trust their docors for health-related and would like to discuss a broad range of health concerns with them (7) .Teenagers exhibiting health-compromising behaviors are more likely to feel alienated from school, limiting the impact of schoolbased health interventions. (8)he large majority of adolescents who have left school still have contact with the health services .Teen age attitudes to health: It has been reported that most teenagers agree that 'health is not a matter of luck' and are aware of the health risks they take, but may not put this knowledge into practice, for example by not smoking. (9)ontrol is based on the premise that those who feel that they control their lives are more likely to embark on health-promoting behaviors than those who feel powerless to act or who abdicate this responsibility.However, reviews have concluded that the relationship between locus of control and health-related behavior is only modest. (3)

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:
The present study aims to assess health promotion behavior of teenage students in Baghdad city and to identify the relationship between students healthy behavior and some characteristics , such as : age, gender , level of education .

METHODOLOGY:
Design of the study : Descriptive Across sectional study is carried out from February 4th to May 5th 2012, to achieve the study objectives .Setting of the study:.Sample of the study : The present study is conducted at the secondary schools.One sample consist of ( 100 ) students divided to (50) selected from al-rusafa and (50) selected from alkarkh in Baghdad City who are divided according to their social and economical level .Instrument of the study : An assessment tool is questioner based on domains of health Promoting behavior for teen age students ( Use : Yes or No ) .Consist of Physical activity and body fitness , Nutrition and its patterns, Sexual behavior, Legal use for drugs and alcohol, Exposure to persecution, Access on the health care, psychological and mental.
A pilot study was conducted at the secondary schools in Baghdad City.In order to determine the reliability of the study instrument which was used for measuring health promoting behavior of teenage students in Baghdad city and to identify the relationship between students health promoting behavior and some characteristics, such as: age, Gender, level of education.The sample consists of (10) teenage and the pilot sample was excluded from original sample of the study.Reliability of the questionnaire was determined through the use assessment approach, for approximately three weeks, for the determination of interval consistency of promoting behavior of teenage students in Baghdad city.The results of the reliability present cronbach alpha technique which was (r=0.92).Data Collection: Data are collected through the use of the assessment tool and the interview technique as means of data collection .Data Analysis : Data are analyzed through the application of the descriptive statistical data analysis approach (frequency and percentage) and inferential statistical (Correlation Coefficient) Table (1) shows teenage demographic characteristics has depicted that half of them are (16-18) years old which is accounted for (50%) of the sample, and boy more than girl in the study sample (60%).Regarding to their education, almost (22%) of them are his forth class in secondary school graduates ,and (40%) of respondents the level of education among members of the father are graduates of colleges, in addition to mother's education level was (25%) mostly housewives, half of the sample was monthly income is somewhat sufficient and finally father's occupation was governmental employee which accounted for (56%).

C.C= Correlation Coefficient C.S= Correlation Significant
Table 2 shows that The evaluate were done according to applying cut of point (66.66) that studied domains distribution which dose mean that under cut of point is (pass) and upper cut of point is (failure).According to the results of (table 1), we can conclude that (Sexual behavior) respondent's domain is the best, then followed by (Dietary patterns), (Exposure to persecution) all these domains are pass , and Physical activity and Legal use for drugs and alcohol domain , and Psychological and mental then domain are failure.Table (3) shows "Age Groups" that were distributed due to the Health promotion behaviors in overall evaluate by under and upper cutoff point .therelationship between health promoting domains and the teenage age, the teenage (16-18) years have acquired better level of knowledge the Nutrition and its patterns and exposure to persecution (30%) ,and Physical activity and body fitness (40%) and another half of the age groups are (19 and more) that sexual behavior (54% )and Legal use for drugs and alcohol (40%) and Access on the health care( 54%) finally the psychological and mental domain (40%).That there has been significant association between age group and assessment of health promotion behavior with (C.C.= 0.219).Table (4) shows that correlation between gender and assessment of health promotion behavior that (60%) of study sample Boys , (40%) are Girls, and side Psychological and mental was more positive answer for boys by (68%) than Girls.That there has been significant relationship between gender and assessment of health promotion behavior with (C.C =0.134).Table (5) depicted the relation between teenage education level (class) and their knowledge about health promoting knowledge has depicted that the secondary school graduate have better level of knowledge with regard to all domains of health promoting behaviors was significant between association education level and health promotion behaviors overall assessment (C.C =0.087).

DISCUSSION:
The study indicated that better domains effect and high health promotion behavior domains was drug use among teenage secondary school graduate.The overall studied domains indicate that the drug use domain was the better for health promotion behaviors assessment , but this results inconsistent with many previous study.German and Burton (1999) (8) has discovered that differences in health beliefs, attitudes, language ,disease, and supervision on medication intake have impact upon the understanding of the use of medication and its effect on human health.Teenage demographic characteristics in( Table 1) has depicted that half of them are (16-18) years old which is accounted for (50%) of the sample , and male more than female in the study sample (60%) .Regarding to their education, almost (22%) of them are his forth class in secondary school graduates, This result presents the majority of teenage fathers and mothers educational levels the college graduate more than other graduate (40%),(25).This result depicted that the majority of the study sample are a somewhat Sufficient monthly income (50%) , and more the occupation fathers teenage study sample governmental employee (56%) while the mother occupation is housewife (60%).A cross-sectional survey was administered to 1945 teens at 16 randomly selected North Carolina high schools.Predictor variables examined included teens' socio-demographic characteristics, employment patterns, and health promoting law knowledge (9) .
The study shows the relationship between health promoting domains and the teenage age, the teenage (16-18) years have acquired better level of knowledge the Nutrition and its patterns and exposure to persecution (30%), because of that this category of a group of adolescents had received information on the pattern of nutrition through the media or through some of the school subjects that may be given to them in this period, which is for healthy nutrition.
Concerning the teenage gender and relation to heath promoting domains, the finding have revealed that boy students have expressed better level of knowledge use for drugs and alcohol (42%), and psychological and mental domain (48%), table (4) shows that correlation between gender and assessment of health promotion behavior that (60%) of study sample Boys , (40%) are Girls, and side Psychological and mental was more positive answer for boys by (68%) than Girls .That there has been significant relationship between gender and assessment of health promotion behavior with (C.C =0.134).The proportion of men in the study more