AL-WAELI, Taher. Characteristics of the Ottoman economy during the first half of the nineteenth century. Journal of Kufa Studies Center, Kufa, Najaf, IRAQ, v. 1, n. 1, p. 70–84, 2025. DOI: 10.36322/jksc.v1i1.4762. Disponível em: https://journal.uokufa.edu.iq/index.php/ksc/article/view/4762. Acesso em: 16 nov. 2026.