Kufa studies center journal (KSCJ): A quarterly scientific journal issued by the Center for Kufa Studies - University of Kufa and is interested in scientific and humanitarian research together, because the Center for Kufa Studies specializes in humanities and scientific sciences and seeks to solve the problems faced by society, as the magazine is divided into five sections: Quranic and jurisprudential studies, linguistic and literary studies, legal, political and economic studies, historical and geographical studies, and continuing education, including applied and field studies. Date of the first issue of the year 2004 Number of issues published in year 4 The number of issues released during the period from 2004 to June 2025 is 76 issues. The magazine is published in Arabic and English. Indexed in : Google scholar , Crossref , Iraq Academic Scientific Journals (IASJ) , Arcif , (ISC) ,EBSCO , Dimensions ,LOCKS ,CLOCKSS,Internet archive, PKP PN ISSN (Print): 1993-7016 ISSN (Online): 2708-728X Frequency: 4 Issues Per year DOI prefix: 10.36322. ORCID: 0000-0003-3304-9620 Arcif 2021Q1 (0.02211) Contact Details: E-mail: kscjournal@uokufa.edu.iq Phone number: +9647819377794 Mail Address: kufa studies center , University of Kufa, P.O Box 21, Kufa, Najaf Governorate, Iraq.
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Types of Hadith Commentaries and Their Methods
After reviewing the historical development of the science of hadith commentary, and identifying its types and methodologies, it becomes clear that this science is one of the most important tools for religious understanding. It enables the researcher to grasp the intended meaning of the infallible Imam (peace be upon him) in hadith texts, whether prophetic or Imami. The research revealed that the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) was the first to explain his own hadith, whether within the context of the hadith itself or through another hadith. He was followed in this by the Companions and the Successors. It also became clear that the Ahlul-Bayt (peace be upon them) explained his hadith through their own statements. The researcher also found that hadith commentaries have several types and categories, the best of which is the analytical commentary. Despite its usual length, it provides a comprehensive and encyclopedic understanding of the hadith by presenting all related topics and issues, such as the chain of narration and its degree, the language and grammar of the hadith, rare words and their context, the rulings derived from it, and so on.
Copyright (c) 2026 م.م. حيدر توفيق كاظم وادي https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Developments in the Yemeni Crisis2024/2011 A Study of Causes and Consequences
Discussions about the Yemeni situation are accompanied by several considerations, including political considerations with regional and international dimensions, in addition to external and internal complexities. It is difficult for internal political forces to agree on a political solution that satisfies everyone, and it is extremely difficult for the external parties with clear intervention in the Yemeni conflict to reconcile their viewpoints and interests. This is evident from the geostrategic importance of Yemen's location, its overlooking of the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean, and its clear control over the Bab al-Mandab Strait. Yemen has gone through many stages of political conflicts that have generated many wars, due to internal factors represented by tribal and sectarian diversity and the political conditions that have exhausted the country, and external factors represented by the interventions of neighboring countries, especially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, which have long been influential elements in the Yemeni leadership, with political, security, affiliation, and economic motives.
Copyright (c) 2026 م.م. عباس هادي عبهول الميالي، م.م. حسين علي حبيب زوين https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The cognitive impact of Mr. Muhammad Hussein Tabatabaei An objective study
The subject of knowledge is one of the most important subjects of philosophy. This subject has undergone many transformations, starting from ancient times, passing through the modern era, and reaching the contemporary period, in terms of the issues and problems that it studies. It has also been and still is of great interest to philosophers and thinkers, whether Western or Muslim, as most philosophers and specialists confirm. Western philosophers are more interested in knowledge and the problems associated with it than Muslim philosophers in particular, as Muhammad Hussein Tabatabaei is a very distinguished model in this case; because he was interested in most of his writings in knowledge to the point that he devoted some independent books to studying its issues and problems, which is something that was not known before in classical Islamic philosophy. Rather, he worked on formulating an integrated system for the subjects of knowledge, and took a new position through which he tried to provide solutions to many of the problems that are sediments of these previous philosophies.
Copyright (c) 2026 أ.م.د. صباح خيري راضي العرداوي، الباحث ناطق عبد الحسن عطية https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Iraq as a strategic pivot: A study in British economic and geopolitical interests (1800–1914)
Iraq emerged during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as a pivotal strategic hub within British geopolitical and economic calculations. Its geographical position, linking the Persian Gulf with Anatolia, Iran, and the broader trade routes to India, rendered it an arena of vital significance. Iraq represented a crossroads where Britain’s economic interests—particularly the overland and river routes to India—intersected with its geopolitical concerns in countering Ottoman, Russian, and German influence. This study examines the period from 1800 to 1914, highlighting the economic motives and strategic imperatives that shaped Britain’s growing commercial, diplomatic, and intelligence presence in Iraq. Ultimately, the research seeks to provide a critical analysis of Iraq’s role as a strategic cornerstone in British policy on the eve of World War I.
Copyright (c) 2026 م.م. نبراس فاضل علي https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The impact of asset structure on sustainable growth rate: An applied study of a sample of banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange
The main purpose of this research is to show and clarify the extent of the impact of total assets on the sustainable growth rate of the financial institution and the sustainability of its activity performance. The research problem was to pose the question: What is the extent of the relationship between total assets and the sustainable growth rate of a sample of banks listed in the Iraq Stock Exchange? And do assets affect the sustainable growth rate of the banks in the research sample? The research sample was taken from five banks (Al-Ahli Iraq - North - Ashur International - Mansour - Elaf Islamic) during the period from (2011-2022), from the banking sector, which consists of 46 banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange. Some financial and statistical tools were used, such as financial equations and (SPSS-26) and (Excel) programs, to conduct the test and analyze the hypotheses and the relationship between the research variables and clarify the extent of their impact. The most important conclusions: The study reached the existence of a positive correlation and impact relationship between the debt-to-total assets ratio and the sustainable growth rate.
Copyright (c) 2026 أ.م.د. سعد مجيد عبدعلي الجنابي، الباحثة ضحى فليح عبد الموسوي https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Artificial Intelligence and its Role in Human Resource Management - A Case Study at Najaf International Airport
The research was applied to a purposive sample of (50) people from the total research population of (50) employees at Najaf Airport. Statistical methods were adopted using the statistical program (SPSS V.26) to test the hypotheses of the study, which specialized in measuring the research sample’s level of awareness of its variables and revealing On the correlation and influence relationships, the study reached the conclusion that: there is a positive and morally significant influence relationship for artificial intelligence and a course in human resources management.
Copyright (c) 2026 م.م. سلام محسن جريو، م.م. واثق عبد الحسين جابر https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Greatest Name according to theologians and Sufis
This study examines the concept of the Greatest Name (al-Ism al-Aʿẓam) in Islamic thought through a comparative analytical approach that brings together three major intellectual perspectives: Islamic theology (kalām), Islamic philosophy, and theoretical mysticism (ʿirfān). The research seeks to clarify the methodological differences among these approaches in their understanding of the Greatest Name, particularly with regard to its meaning, function, and scope of influence in supplication, divine emanation, and spiritual authority. The significance of the study lies in the central position of the Greatest Name within Islamic intellectual heritage, where doctrinal, philosophical, and mystical dimensions intersect, raising fundamental questions concerning the relationship between God and humanity, the limits of divine action, and the ontological status of the Perfect Human. Moreover, the study addresses a noticeable lack of comprehensive comparative research that systematically integrates these three perspectives within a unified analytical framework. the study adopts a comparative analytical method, based on the analysis of Qurʾānic and narrational texts, the examination of theological, philosophical, and mystical viewpoints, and a systematic comparison of their underlying assumptions and conclusions, with the aim of elucidating the epistemological and ontological dimensions of the concept of the Greatest Name in Islamic thought.
Copyright (c) 2026 أ.م.د. علي مهدي رضا الخرسان https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Motives for publicity in religious discourse: The book "Tuhaf al-'Uqul" as an example
The level of reading the discourse of monotheism, analyzing its vocabulary, and refuting doubts in religious texts is in fact a means of discourse analysis. Because the weapon of the religious messenger regarding the doctrine of monotheism is the direct communicative language, and these texts are directed towards publicizing to perform a functional act that manifests itself in the dominants practiced by the methods of language (publicizing), and between the doctrine of monotheism with the One God, Glory be to Him, there is a relationship of concomitance, harmony, and convergence, it is necessary for the messenger to resort to publicizing language and its multiple functions and diverse mechanisms to play its role in responding to those doubts and removing those suspicions, by announcing the truths of monotheism, the manifestations of the Creator’s greatness, the essence of His attributes, and their distance from limited human perception, and declaring the necessity of following the oneness of the Creator, which will contribute to the happiness of human life and what it will reap of fruits, with spiritual tranquility and psychological comfort.
Copyright (c) 2026 أ.د. عبد الإله عبد الوهاب العرداوي ، الباحث فاضل عبد العباس عباس الشيباني https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Content Marketing and its Impact on Luxury Customer Behavior An Analytical Study of the Opinions of a Sample of the French Company Nactalia in Iraq
The primary objective of this research is to investigate content marketing and its impact on the behavior of luxury customers, aiming to bridge the knowledge gap between these variables. This was achieved by surveying a sample of (210) Iraqi customers of the French company Nactalia, a producer of baby milk. A questionnaire was designed to collect data on content marketing variables and luxury customer behaviors. In context, of the distributed questionnaires, (176) were retrieved and analyzed using SPSS v.29 and SmartPLS v.4 statistical software. The results revealed a significant positive impact of content marketing on luxury customer behavior.
Copyright (c) 2026 أ.د. ليث علي يوسف الحكيم، الباحث زين محمد سعيد https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Morphological discussions in Al-Ru'ayni's commentary on Ibn Mu'ti's Alfiyya
This study aims to examine the morphological topics in Al-Raʿīnī’s commentary in the first and seventh volumes, since these two parts have been verified. The commentator presented the views of many scholars in most of the issues, and his commentary is characterized by smooth style and clarity of expression. He relied on both rational and transmitted evidence, supporting his opinion with suitable linguistic examples. The nature of the subject required dividing the study into four sections, preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion. The first section deals with verbal nouns, the second with derivatives, while the third discusses some types plural forms. The fourth section contains various topics that are not included under a single heading, such as verb chapters, the morphological scale, and diminutives. The study ends with the results reached through this research.
Copyright (c) 2026 م.م ريهام فلاح حسن https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The current research sheds light on the environment of the city of Karbala in all its aspects: urban, service, health and social and its effects on the Karbalai community, especially on the processes of social change that took place in the city during the last three decades. The social and cultural changes in the society of the city of Karbala dealt with systems, relationships, social interactions, values and behavioral patterns in one way or another. Karbala Governorate is administratively composed of three districts and five administrative units between a center and a district. For this reason, the location of the city of Karbala has great importance in relation to the locations of other cities in Iraq.
Copyright (c) 2026 أ.م.د. أحمد جعفر صادق الانصاري، الباحثة زهراء علي مانع https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Impact of Financial Discipline on Banking Sustainability: An Exploratory Study of a Sample of Iraqi Private Banks
This study aimed to analyze and test the relationship between financial discipline and financial sustainability in private Iraqi banks. The study seeks to understand how financial discipline impacts the achievement of financial sustainability in these banks.Study Design: This study utilized both descriptive and analytical methodologies, selecting a sample of 27 private Iraqi banks. Data were collected through the distribution of 161 questionnaires to a sample of bank employees, including bank managers, their deputies, department heads, and experienced employees. A total of 131 responses were received from private Iraqi banks in the governorates of Najaf and Maysan. The questionnaire included a series of questions designed to measure the level of financial discipline and the extent of achieving financial sustainability. The study's findings revealed that financial discipline positively influences financial sustainability in private Iraqi banks.
Copyright (c) 2026 أ.د. رضا صاحب أبو حمد، الباحثة نوار جاسم محسن https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The geopolitical dimensions of the Iraqi-Saudi rapprochement after 2019
This research came to review the nature of the relationship between Iraq and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the geopolitical dimension of this relationship and the developments that occurred in this relationship and the positive change that occurred after 2019, and to shed light on the important points of convergence that played an effective role between the two countries such as the political, security and economic dimension as well as the cultural dimension Especially since the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia plays a pivotal political role in the region, as it is a major player within the Iraqi political arena. It has an agenda and active arms inside Iraq, with mentioning the most important reasons that prompted Saudi Arabia to change its policy towards Iraq positively, in addition to the benefit obtained as a result of this rapprochement for both parties. Is this rapprochement resilient, or is it dependent on the political changes taking place in Iraq .
Copyright (c) 2026 م.م. حيدر عبد الله عباس https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Strategic Management Accounting in Enhancing Decision Making in Dynamic Business Environments: An Analytical Study on Emerging Markets
This research aims to investigate the role of strategic management accounting in improving decision-making processes within dynamic business environments, with a focus on emerging markets. It examines the contribution of advanced strategic management accounting tools and techniques, to assess decision quality, financial performance, and ultimately, enhancing the unique competitive advantage of organizations. A questionnaire was used to collect data from the research population. The questionnaire included a set of questions measuring the use of strategic management accounting in decision-making processes and evaluating its impact on overall performance within dynamic business environments. The data was analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). Statistical analysis was conducted using various techniques, including descriptive and repetitive analysis, to obtain accurate and reliable results. The research population consisted of 60 employees working in startup companies, and 50 questionnaires were deemed valid for statistical analysis.
Copyright (c) 2026 م.م. ضحى طالب عباس، م.م. شيماء محمد خطار، م.م. عبد الهادي عجيل عبد الرضا https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Parallel Beauty in Modern Arabic Literature
parallel beauty term is founded upon philosophical concept: the necessity of consolation in the world—a world where the human condition continues to be immersed in suffering, anguish, and mourning, absent an ideal solace or a horizon of hope. In this study, we sought to establish the concept of parallel beauty both linguistically and philosophically, defining it in precise terms. We then traced its early manifestations in Arabic literature, both in poetry and prose. We analyzed its presence in modern literature through carefully selected texts: in poetry, Mahmoud Al-Breikan’s Ihtifaa’ bil-Ashyaa’ az-Zaa’ila (Celebration of Perishable Things) and Adonis’s Mir’aat al-Ghaa’ib (The Absent One’s Mirror); and in prose, Zuhair Karim’s short story Fi Madih an-Nikotin (In Praise of Nicotine) and Mohamed El-Makhzangi’s Il-Hilu Da, Il-Helwa Di (That Sweet One, This Sweet One.( We classified these texts according to a gradation of parallel beauty that begins with silence, representing transient, marginal, and momentary beauty; progresses to dimness, symbolizing a melancholic and enigmatic beauty; and culminates in voice, representing overwhelming, tragic beauty. These aesthetic gradations are fundamentally sonic in nature, borrowed here to delineate the layered presence of parallel beauty within modern Arabic literature.
Copyright (c) 2026 م.د. ميثم هاشم طاهر https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
American hegemony and the foundations of its traditional economy
At the beginning of this century, the US economy was the world's largest in terms of gross output, with the US GDP reaching approximately $29.18 trillion in 2024, making it the world's largest economy. It contributed nearly 23% of global output and accounted for about 20% of global trade. Despite the continued dominance of the United States, the global economic system is currently undergoing gradual structural shifts. These shifts foreshadow a gradual erosion of economic unipolarity and pose direct structural challenges to its position. The most prominent of these challenges is the rise of major competing economic powers actively seeking to alter the balance of power and reshape global governance mechanisms. These powers are key drivers of the trend toward a future multipolar economy, most notably the People's Republic of China.
the foundations of the traditional economy
Copyright (c) 2026 م.د. ياسين هادي ثجيل https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Achieving Digital Transformation: A Survey Study of a Sample of Employees in Telecommunications Companies in Najaf Governorate
This research aims to explore the relationship between artificial intelligence and digital transformation by surveying a sample of employees in telecommunications companies in Najaf. Design/Methodology: The study problem was defined by several questions, the most important of which were: To what extent are employees aware of the study variables (artificial intelligence and digital transformation) and how important are they to them? What is the nature and level of interest in these variables within the telecommunications sector, specifically in Najaf? The sample consisted of 115 administrative employees from a total study population of 245. A total of 115 questionnaires were distributed. After data sorting and verification, 90 questionnaires were deemed valid for analysis out of the 95 returned questionnaires. The current study sought to test several main and sub-hypotheses related to the influence relationships between the study variables. This was done to answer the questions related to the research problem and to achieve the set objectives. Several statistical methods (normal distribution, arithmetic mean, and standard deviation) were used to process the data using the SPSS 25 statistical software.
Copyright (c) 2026 م.د. شيماء ناظم عبد، م.م علي عبد حنوف https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Developing an educational program based on listening skills for primary school students
Given the importance of basic education (primary) being longer pillar in the construction of the individual's personality, as well as the importance of language and their skill and their own role in the learning of students and development of cognitive, emotional and self-dynamic; therefore current research focuses on building based educational program on the listening skills of the students of primary school , can researchers and teachers alike when applied to expressive performance development for students and their skills in the modern, researcher has used to achieve this goal descriptive approach, as proposed program included (14) the subject of each topic presented in a single lesson takes 40 minutes, also included The program methods and techniques and a variety of activities.
Copyright (c) 2026 أ.م.د. عقيل عبد الرضا صادق العبودي https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Family Planning and its Impact on Population Fertility in the Holy Province of Karbala
Family planning is a cornerstone of reproductive health services, which in turn contributes to improved women's health. Given the significant role of women in Iraq, stemming from their participation in numerous social, economic, and political spheres, and the urgent need to strengthen and sustain this role to ensure women's full enjoyment of their rights, it is essential to provide them with all possible support through improved health services, particularly those related to family planning. This research aims to conduct a comprehensive study of family planning in the holy city of Karbala. Through fieldwork conducted in the study area, families' attitudes toward family planning, specifically whether they practice it or limit their births, were examined. The results indicate that 50.6% of families practice family planning, with a higher percentage (50.7%) in urban areas compared to 49.4% in rural areas.
Copyright (c) 2026 أ.د. أحمد حمود محيسن السعدي، الباحثة بتول عبد جبار الوائلي https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The effect of the morphological level on the concept of text among linguists legislators
This research seeks to study the effect of the morphological level in determining the concept of the text among linguists and legislators, as linguistic and legislative texts consist of words that carry and perform meaning, and these words are not intended to have meanings These are in themselves, but their meanings are combined next to each other so that they interact and are intertwined with each other. For the purpose of arriving at a single semantic concept, Whenever the morphological form in the text changes, its semantic function changes, and this is what we will shed light on by studying the derivatives and morphological changes and explaining their effect in T It has significant significance in the linguistic and legislative texts in particular.
Copyright (c) 2026 أ.د. علاء ناجي جاسم ، الباحثة حوراء كريم سلمان https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The paradox of the symbol in Ali Al-Sharqi’s poetry
This research seeks to study the paradox of the symbol according to the great poet Ali Al-Sharqi, explain the concept of the symbol in language and terminology, explain its importance in modern Arabic poetry, and reveal the types of symbols that the poet used in creating paradoxes. The symbols of nature occupied the greatest place in his collections, and perhaps the sensitive feeling of our poet His influence by the romantic doctrine is the reason for its frequent occurrence in the folds of his poetry, as well as the literary, religious, historical and mythological symbols that the poet was able to use in a distinctive style and literary method, which produced for us the phenomenon of paradox, and I pointed to the symbols that we did not have time to study in this research.
Copyright (c) 2026 أ.د. حسن عبد عودة الخاقاني، الباحث رائد عباس حمزة https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Predicting the financial crisis based on the non-performing loan index using the Box-Jenkins methodology: A study of a sample of banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange
The research aims to predict the financial crisis using the Box-Jenkins methodology, representing the research community in the banking sector in the Iraqi Stock Exchange, while the research sample consisted of (4) banks listed on the Iraqi Stock Exchange for a period of 12 years, from (1/1/2011). ) until (12/31/2022), The statistical test represented by the Gretl program was used. The researcher reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is the possibility of predicting the financial crisis using the Box-Jenkins methodology, and that the best model of the Box-Jenkins models is the (0,0,1) ARIMA model for all banks in the study sample, which is It was used to draw conclusions and predict the financial crisis based on it. The research concluded with a set of recommendations, the most important of which is the commitment of Iraqi banks listed on the Iraqi Stock Exchange to the regulations and laws issued by the Central Bank in order to avoid banking crises and reduce the occurrence of banking risks in the future.
Copyright (c) 2026 أ.د. سالم صلال راهي الحسناوي، الباحث أحمد مهدي كاظم https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Measuring the relationship between banking productivity and financial intelligence for a sample of Jordanian banks for the period 2012-2022
The research seeks to determine the impact of financial intelligence on banking productivity, as well as studying the basic concepts of banking productivity and discussing the various approaches to studying it, which ends up identifying the most important criteria that can be used to measure it, as well as researching the reasons for the decline and rise of banking productivity and identifying possible treatments to reduce those causes. And in line with the research problem, which stipulates (what is the level of banking productivity and financial intelligence? What are the reasons for its decline and increase in the banks in the research sample? What is the effect of changing financial intelligence on banking productivity). Research hypotheses were formulated to study and analyze the relationship between the research variables for the sample banks. The research sample included eight Jordanian private sector banks, namely (Arab, National, Jordan, Jordanian Commercial, Jordanian-Kuwaiti, Housing, Capital Bank, and Investment Bank). Malmquist index to extract values ​​of banking productivity change for the period (2012-2022).
Copyright (c) 2026 أ.د. حيدر جواد كاظم المرشدي، الباحث مصطفى عبد الوهاب محمد https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Proportionality between surah’s beginning with disjointed letters in the Holy Quran
Scholars, both past and present, have diligently sought to uncover the connections between the chapters (surahs) of the Holy Quran, exploring the meanings and secrets inherent in its arrangement. This includes examining the relationship between the chapters, their placement relative to one another, and the connection between their opening and closing verses, as well as their implications for the content, objectives, and overall message of their verses. Furthermore, they have spared no effort in investigating the meanings and secrets of the isolated letters (muqatta'at) within the Holy Quran. This research into the connections between the chapters beginning with isolated letters in the Holy Quran highlights one aspect of the miraculous nature of the Holy Book. The connections are remarkably striking between chapters containing one or more of these isolated letters and those containing the same letter or letters. This is further reinforced by the connections between adjacent chapters within the Quranic order.
Copyright (c) 2026 م.د. غسان ياسين عكلو https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Strategic Perseverance and Its Role in Adopting Adaptive Marketing PracticesAn Analytical Study of the Opinions of a Sample of Workers in Drug Stores in Najaf Governorate
Purpose: The current study aims to identify strategic perseverance and its role in adopting adaptive marketing practices / an analytical study of a sample of the opinions of workers in drug stores in Najaf Governorate. Design/Methodology: The study problem was defined by a number of questions, the most important of which were (Is strategic perseverance a function in adaptive marketing? What is the size of the impact of the contribution of strategic perseverance in adaptive marketing?) ". And how important is it to them. And what is the nature and level of interest in the industrial sector, specifically in the organization under study. The study community (workers in drug stores in Najaf Governorate) represented if the number of distributed questionnaires reached (140) questionnaires. After sorting and checking the data, the number of questionnaires valid for analysis reached (128) questionnaires out of a total of (135) questionnaires that were retrieved. The current study sought to select a number of main and sub-hypotheses related to the correlation and influence relationships between the study variables. In order to answer the questions related to the study problem and reach the set goals, and in order to process the data, many statistical methods were used (normal distribution, arithmetic mean, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling) using the program Statistician SPSS25) and Smartpls program and Amose program v.25.
Copyright (c) 2026 أ.د. يوسف حجيم سلطان الطائي، الباحث علي حسين علي ناجي https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Cyber ​​marketing and its course in achieving competitive superiorityAn analytical study in a number of Al-Rafidain banks in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Governorate
This study aims to identify the importance of cyber marketing and its role in achieving competitive superiority ،Hence, the problem of the study was embodied in a fundamental question: What is the role of cyber marketing in achieving competitive superiority in the banks studied? This question was translated into a hypothetical model that included two variables, one of which is the independent cyber marketing with while the dependent variable is competitive superiority with The researcher seeks to achieve the objectives of the study by using the descriptive analytical approach to obtain information and data based on several sources such as observation and personal interviews. The field survey method was used by distributing a questionnaire form to obtain information from the targeted sample. It was distributed to a sample of employees, numbering (170) employees, working in a number of Rafidain banks in Najaf Governorate, out of the total study community of (225) employees. The number of questionnaires valid for statistical analysis was (144) questionnaires. I conducted the analysis process based on a number of statistical methods, such as SPSS v26. The study reached a set of statistical results, represented by the existence of a relationship, correlation, and moral influence (positive) between cyber marketing and competitive superiority.
Copyright (c) 2026 أ.م.د. ضرغام علي مسلم العميدي، الباحثة بنين عبد المنعم حسناوي https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Prophethood in the Tafsir al-Mizan by Sayyid Muhammad Husayn al-Tabatabai
The research reviews the legal and doctrinal implications of the concept of prophethood in Al-Mizan, focusing on al-Tabatabai's philosophical and Shia perspective on this concept. The study also addresses the interpretative and hermeneutical aspects of the religious texts related to prophethood and how this is manifested in the interpretation of Al-Mizan. The research addresses the understanding of the concept of prophethood within the Islamic context and its various dimensions, highlighting the differences in its interpretation among different Islamic schools of thought. The research relied on interviews with religious scholars to understand their viewpoints on prophethood and an analysis of previous research and scholarly studies on the topic. The research reached several conclusions, including clarifying the dimensions and concept of prophethood in Islam and identifying the diversity of interpretations and understandings among different Islamic schools of thought.
Copyright (c) 2026 أ.م. أمير جوان اراسته، الباحثة ضحى عبد الكريم قادر https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The temporal paradox of narration in the poetry of Hassan bin Thabit
This study tries to research the emergence of narration, as the means by which the event and the story are told, and when looking at the oldest manifestations of human art, which is poetry, we find a deep correlation between it and the narrative, as the latter has been based since its inception on two basic factors: the legend and religious songs that fall within Arabic poetry, and one of the elements of narration that stopped at the research, which is time, which is one of the most prominent pillars of the narrative, as the narrative can To retell past events or predict future events that will occur, and in this research, we will address in the introduction the concept of narration and the relationship to poetry, and then move on to the study of temporal paradoxes in the poetry of Hassan bin Thabet.
the relationship of narration with poetry
the temporal paradox of narrative construction
Copyright (c) 2026 أ.د. حسين عبد حسين حمزة الوطيفي ، الباحثة رسل عبد الامير حسين https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The 1975 Algiers Agreement: An Analytical Study in Iraqi Newspapers (Al-Jumhuriya, Al-Thawra, Al-Ta'akhi, Tariq Al-Sha'ab) Selected Examples
This study aims to analyze the Iraqi newspaper coverage of the Algiers Agreement between Iraq and Iran in March 1975, by studying a sample of four daily newspapers: Al-Jumhuriya , Al-Thawra , Al-Taakhi , and Tareq Al-Shaab. The research adopted a qualitative content analysis approach to trace the way the agreement was addressed in terms of the motives behind its conclusion, its most prominent provisions, and its regional and international dimensions. Focusing on the representations of the Arab and international positions in these coverages , the study found that Iraqi newspapers unanimously presented the agreement as a positive step toward resolving Iraqi-Iranian disputes and enhancing stability in the Gulf region, while ignoring the negative aspects related to the border concessions or their repercussions on the Kurdish movement. This reflects the nature of the official media, which was subject to the control of the political authority at the time. These findings reveal the importance of journalistic sources as historical documents, but they also highlight the need to engage critically with them to uncover the limits of their objectivity and highlight what they overlooked due to political directives.
Copyright (c) 2026 م.د. ثائر صاحب شندل الحسني https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The role of spiritual leadership in achieving organizational prosperity The mediating role of behavioral integrity An analytical study of the opinions of a sample of individuals working at Najaf International Airport
The current study aims to test the role of spiritual leadership as an independent variable through its dimensions in promoting organizational prosperity as a dependent variable and through the mediating role of behavioral integrity. These variables have received increasing attention from researchers in the recent period because they are important topics in the future of organizations. The problem of the study lies in the lack of sufficient direction to enhance organizational prosperity due to the nature of the challenges and pressures facing the Najaf International Airport under study, which are sometimes characterized by difficult internal and external conditions. Therefore, a set of questions were developed that reflect in their features the researcher’s perceptions of the problem. The importance of the study lies in its attempt to describe the reality and address the problems facing the development of Najaf International Airport, given that this sector is of great importance to society, transportation, and the economy. A questionnaire was distributed to a random (270) sample of individuals working at Najaf International Airport, and a form valid for statistical analysis was (253) retrieved at a rate of Response (93%), and the collected data were analyzed using a set of statistical tests available in the statistical programs SPSS V.26 and AMOS V.26.
Copyright (c) 2026 أ.د. حاكم أحسوني الميالي، الباحث منقذ جاسم كاظم https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0