Kufa studies center journal (KSCJ): A quarterly scientific journal issued by the Center for Kufa Studies - University of Kufa and is interested in scientific and humanitarian research together, because the Center for Kufa Studies specializes in humanities and scientific sciences and seeks to solve the problems faced by society, as the magazine is divided into five sections: Quranic and jurisprudential studies, linguistic and literary studies, legal, political and economic studies, historical and geographical studies, and continuing education, including applied and field studies. Date of the first issue of the year 2004 Number of issues published in year 4 The number of issues released during the period from 2004 to June 2025 is 76 issues. The magazine is published in Arabic and English. Indexed in : Google scholar , Crossref , Iraq Academic Scientific Journals (IASJ) , Arcif , (ISC) ,EBSCO , Dimensions ,LOCKS ,CLOCKSS,Internet archive, PKP PN ISSN (Print): 1993-7016 ISSN (Online): 2708-728X Frequency: 4 Issues Per year DOI prefix: 10.36322. ORCID: 0000-0003-3304-9620 Arcif 2021Q1 (0.02211) Contact Details: E-mail: kscjournal@uokufa.edu.iq Phone number: +9647819377794 Mail Address: kufa studies center , University of Kufa, P.O Box 21, Kufa, Najaf Governorate, Iraq.
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Proportionality between surah’s beginning with disjointed letters in the Holy Quran
Scholars, both past and present, have diligently sought to uncover the connections between the chapters (surahs) of the Holy Quran, exploring the meanings and secrets inherent in its arrangement. This includes examining the relationship between the chapters, their placement relative to one another, and the connection between their opening and closing verses, as well as their implications for the content, objectives, and overall message of their verses. Furthermore, they have spared no effort in investigating the meanings and secrets of the isolated letters (muqatta'at) within the Holy Quran. This research into the connections between the chapters beginning with isolated letters in the Holy Quran highlights one aspect of the miraculous nature of the Holy Book. The connections are remarkably striking between chapters containing one or more of these isolated letters and those containing the same letter or letters. This is further reinforced by the connections between adjacent chapters within the Quranic order.
Copyright (c) 2026 م.د. غسان ياسين عكلو https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Cyber ​​marketing and its course in achieving competitive superiorityAn analytical study in a number of Al-Rafidain banks in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Governorate
This study aims to identify the importance of cyber marketing and its role in achieving competitive superiority ،Hence, the problem of the study was embodied in a fundamental question: What is the role of cyber marketing in achieving competitive superiority in the banks studied? This question was translated into a hypothetical model that included two variables, one of which is the independent cyber marketing with while the dependent variable is competitive superiority with The researcher seeks to achieve the objectives of the study by using the descriptive analytical approach to obtain information and data based on several sources such as observation and personal interviews. The field survey method was used by distributing a questionnaire form to obtain information from the targeted sample. It was distributed to a sample of employees, numbering (170) employees, working in a number of Rafidain banks in Najaf Governorate, out of the total study community of (225) employees. The number of questionnaires valid for statistical analysis was (144) questionnaires. I conducted the analysis process based on a number of statistical methods, such as SPSS v26. The study reached a set of statistical results, represented by the existence of a relationship, correlation, and moral influence (positive) between cyber marketing and competitive superiority.
Copyright (c) 2026 أ.م.د. ضرغام علي مسلم العميدي، الباحثة بنين عبد المنعم حسناوي https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Strategic Perseverance and Its Role in Adopting Adaptive Marketing PracticesAn Analytical Study of the Opinions of a Sample of Workers in Drug Stores in Najaf Governorate
Purpose: The current study aims to identify strategic perseverance and its role in adopting adaptive marketing practices / an analytical study of a sample of the opinions of workers in drug stores in Najaf Governorate. Design/Methodology: The study problem was defined by a number of questions, the most important of which were (Is strategic perseverance a function in adaptive marketing? What is the size of the impact of the contribution of strategic perseverance in adaptive marketing?) ". And how important is it to them. And what is the nature and level of interest in the industrial sector, specifically in the organization under study. The study community (workers in drug stores in Najaf Governorate) represented if the number of distributed questionnaires reached (140) questionnaires. After sorting and checking the data, the number of questionnaires valid for analysis reached (128) questionnaires out of a total of (135) questionnaires that were retrieved. The current study sought to select a number of main and sub-hypotheses related to the correlation and influence relationships between the study variables. In order to answer the questions related to the study problem and reach the set goals, and in order to process the data, many statistical methods were used (normal distribution, arithmetic mean, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling) using the program Statistician SPSS25) and Smartpls program and Amose program v.25.
Copyright (c) 2026 أ.د. يوسف حجيم سلطان الطائي، الباحث علي حسين علي ناجي https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Prophethood in the Tafsir al-Mizan by Sayyid Muhammad Husayn al-Tabatabai
The research reviews the legal and doctrinal implications of the concept of prophethood in Al-Mizan, focusing on al-Tabatabai's philosophical and Shia perspective on this concept. The study also addresses the interpretative and hermeneutical aspects of the religious texts related to prophethood and how this is manifested in the interpretation of Al-Mizan. The research addresses the understanding of the concept of prophethood within the Islamic context and its various dimensions, highlighting the differences in its interpretation among different Islamic schools of thought. The research relied on interviews with religious scholars to understand their viewpoints on prophethood and an analysis of previous research and scholarly studies on the topic. The research reached several conclusions, including clarifying the dimensions and concept of prophethood in Islam and identifying the diversity of interpretations and understandings among different Islamic schools of thought.
Copyright (c) 2026 أ.م. أمير جوان اراسته، الباحثة ضحى عبد الكريم قادر https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The temporal paradox of narration in the poetry of Hassan bin Thabit
This study tries to research the emergence of narration, as the means by which the event and the story are told, and when looking at the oldest manifestations of human art, which is poetry, we find a deep correlation between it and the narrative, as the latter has been based since its inception on two basic factors: the legend and religious songs that fall within Arabic poetry, and one of the elements of narration that stopped at the research, which is time, which is one of the most prominent pillars of the narrative, as the narrative can To retell past events or predict future events that will occur, and in this research, we will address in the introduction the concept of narration and the relationship to poetry, and then move on to the study of temporal paradoxes in the poetry of Hassan bin Thabet.
the relationship of narration with poetry
the temporal paradox of narrative construction
Copyright (c) 2026 أ.د. حسين عبد حسين حمزة الوطيفي ، الباحثة رسل عبد الامير حسين https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The 1975 Algiers Agreement: An Analytical Study in Iraqi Newspapers (Al-Jumhuriya, Al-Thawra, Al-Ta'akhi, Tariq Al-Sha'ab) Selected Examples
This study aims to analyze the Iraqi newspaper coverage of the Algiers Agreement between Iraq and Iran in March 1975, by studying a sample of four daily newspapers: Al-Jumhuriya , Al-Thawra , Al-Taakhi , and Tareq Al-Shaab. The research adopted a qualitative content analysis approach to trace the way the agreement was addressed in terms of the motives behind its conclusion, its most prominent provisions, and its regional and international dimensions. Focusing on the representations of the Arab and international positions in these coverages , the study found that Iraqi newspapers unanimously presented the agreement as a positive step toward resolving Iraqi-Iranian disputes and enhancing stability in the Gulf region, while ignoring the negative aspects related to the border concessions or their repercussions on the Kurdish movement. This reflects the nature of the official media, which was subject to the control of the political authority at the time. These findings reveal the importance of journalistic sources as historical documents, but they also highlight the need to engage critically with them to uncover the limits of their objectivity and highlight what they overlooked due to political directives.
Copyright (c) 2026 م.د. ثائر صاحب شندل الحسني https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The role of spiritual leadership in achieving organizational prosperity The mediating role of behavioral integrity An analytical study of the opinions of a sample of individuals working at Najaf International Airport
The current study aims to test the role of spiritual leadership as an independent variable through its dimensions in promoting organizational prosperity as a dependent variable and through the mediating role of behavioral integrity. These variables have received increasing attention from researchers in the recent period because they are important topics in the future of organizations. The problem of the study lies in the lack of sufficient direction to enhance organizational prosperity due to the nature of the challenges and pressures facing the Najaf International Airport under study, which are sometimes characterized by difficult internal and external conditions. Therefore, a set of questions were developed that reflect in their features the researcher’s perceptions of the problem. The importance of the study lies in its attempt to describe the reality and address the problems facing the development of Najaf International Airport, given that this sector is of great importance to society, transportation, and the economy. A questionnaire was distributed to a random (270) sample of individuals working at Najaf International Airport, and a form valid for statistical analysis was (253) retrieved at a rate of Response (93%), and the collected data were analyzed using a set of statistical tests available in the statistical programs SPSS V.26 and AMOS V.26.
Copyright (c) 2026 أ.د. حاكم أحسوني الميالي، الباحث منقذ جاسم كاظم https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Urban Governance and its Role in Achieving Sustainable Development Case Study (Sustainable Transport Sultan Complex Case Study)
The research aims to highlight the role of urban governance in achieving the principles of sustainable development by relying on strategies and mechanisms to address urban problems under good governance, as governance is one of the important topics adopted by developed countries to reach solutions and innovations that help advance cities and confront the risks resulting from the increase in Population densities and the exacerbation of the economic crisis, and thus affect the population directly or indirectly, which is reflected in the social and environmental aspects, as the research relied on the descriptive and analytical approach to study the state of transportation within the residential complex because transportation is considered the means that has a direct impact on the purity of the air, as Planning sustainable residential neighborhoods requires providing alternatives to environmentally polluting transportation, for example, relying on walking, riding bicycles, and electric bicycles, and relying on public transportation and smart transportation. Thus, the residential complex will be studied according to sustainable transportation indicators.
Copyright (c) 2026 أ.م.د. سامر هادي كاظم الجشعمي، الباحثة شهد فائز عبد الزهرة https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Strategic Lens and its Role in Enhancing Outstanding Performance An Analytical Study of the Opinions of a Sample of Employees in the Accounting Department at the Ministry of Finance
The study aims to demonstrate the role of the strategic lens on outstanding performance at the level of a sample of employees in the Accounting Department at the Ministry of Finance. In order to achieve this, the strategic lens variable was measured with four sub-dimensions: (stakeholder engagement, resource mobilization, knowledge development, culture management). The variable of outstanding performance was measured in four dimensions: employee excellence, employee perceptions, understanding customers and the market, analysis, measurement and improvement. The study began with a main problem among several questions revolving around the nature of the relationship between its variables in the field, the most important of which was: (Does the researched organization employ strategic lens indicators to enhance outstanding performance in the work environment?) The study population included the Accounting Department in the Office of the Ministry of Finance in Baghdad Governorate. Choosing a random sample that represented employees working in the accounting department, as the study sample amounted to (190) individuals. The questionnaire was used as a main tool in collecting data and information related to the study. For the purpose of analyzing and processing the data statistically, the study relied on a number of statistical programs. The study reached a set of conclusions represented by the existence of a correlation and influence with statistical significance between the strategic lens and outstanding performance. The study concluded with a number of recommendations. The most important of which is the necessity of investing in the positive role of the strategic lens in enhancing outstanding performance through the Accounting Department in the Ministry of Finance developing permanent plans with the participation of stakeholders, mobilizing all available resources, supporting knowledge development programs, managing supportive culture, and deepening the job awareness of the sample to benefit from it in enhancing job performance based on The basis of creativity, innovation and excellence.
Copyright (c) 2026 أ.م.د. عامر عبد كريم الذبحاوي، الباحث عمار عبد الرحمن مطر https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
impact of ethics and its criticism on the concept of just and apparent
It is a philosophical vision that is different from the distinction between the theoretical mind and the scientific mind, which relates to the nature of the general purpose of each of them. We will find later that the principles and standards to which the theoretical mind is subject, although some of them are common between the theoretical mind and the practical mind, there are many among them that have no application in the field of our use of the mind. The researcher relied on the descriptive analytical approach and deduced this from the research and information presented by the thinker Adel Zahir. The research paper was divided into three axes. The first dealt with ethics according to Adel Zahir, the second in which we reviewed the criticism of moral thought according to Zahir, and finally we touched on the moral imperative and reaching the most important fruits of our current research. Which included several results.
Copyright (c) 2026 أ.م.د. انتصار سلمان سعد الزهيري، الباحثة زهراء عامر عبد علي https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Kingdom of Sam'i: Between Religious Presence and Historical Reality
Since ancient times, Yemen occupied a civilized position among the ancient peoples of the Arabian Peninsula. Because it was distinguished by the civilizational precedence of the societies of the region in its ancient times, and various factors helped them to achieve and highlight the diverse cultural production, and among the manifestations of this, the ancient Yemenis were able to establish many ancient kingdoms that contributed to the development of the many civilizations that the region of the south of the Arabian Peninsula knew. Of those kingdoms that have arisen since the seventh century BC.
Copyright (c) 2026 م.م. وفي محمد عطية المحنة https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Intellectual Mechanisms for Managing Pluralism in Iraq after 2003
The research focused on the contemporary intellectual mechanisms for managing pluralism as a modern phenomenon of political life in a socially and ethnically diverse state. It expresses a set of organizational procedures through which groups can transfer their problems to official institutions. Originally, it emerged and was formed due to the diversity and difference of societies. This process developed with the development of life and emerged in the Arab world in the fifties of the twentieth century. However, it gradually began to move away from achieving real participation of groups. This has led to confrontation, setbacks, and major difficulties In managing pluralism in the Arab reality, especially in Iraqi society. It has become clear that a state with multiple nationalities, sects, and religions must follow intellectual mechanisms emanating from its shared philosophical, religious, social, cultural, and historical reality, to contribute to managing pluralism and achieving security and political stability, starting with shared social constants. This is a stage that precedes the stage of democracy, decentralization, and the transfer of power, among other contemporary mechanisms.
culture of tolerance and acceptance of others
Copyright (c) 2026 أ.د. أسعد كاظم شبيب، الباحث مسلم سعود مبرد https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The impact of financial flexibility on achieving financial solvency: An analytical study of a sample of industrial sector companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange for the period (2011-2021)
The study aims to analyze the impact of financial flexibility on financial solvency. (10) joint-stock industrial companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange were selected as a sample for the study. The study adopted the time series from (2021-2011). The problem of the study was to answer several questions, including (what is the type of relationship and what is the level of influence between financial flexibility and financial solvency). The multiple regression coefficient, the F test, and the interpretation coefficient (R2) were used to analyze and measure the impact between the study variables and through the outputs of the statistical programs approved in this field (10-Eviews). After analyzing the study data and testing the hypotheses, a number of conclusions were reached, the most prominent of which is that an increase of one dinar in the financial flexibility variable can help enhance the financial solvency of industrial companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange.
Copyright (c) 2026 أ.د مهند حميد ياسر العطوي، الباحثة فاطمة محمد جبار https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The grammatical guidance for the irregular Quranic readings in the book "Awdah al-Masalik ila Alfiyyat Ibn Malik" by Ibn Hisham al-Ansari
This research aims to examine some of the anomalous Qur’anic readings of Ibn Hisham al-Ansari in his book “Awda al-Masalik ila Alfiyya Ibn Malik”, and to demonstrate the extent of his great interest in them, highlight their impact on guiding the parsing of the Qur’anic evidence, and clarify his position on the guidance of the majority of grammarians for the anomalous Qur’anic readings, which were cited by a large number of grammarians such as Ibn al-Hajib, Ibn Malik, and Abu Hayyan. In order for the study to achieve its desired goal, I divided it into an introduction, two chapters, and a conclusion. In the first chapter, I addressed the research vocabulary from two perspectives: lexical and technical. In the second chapter, I focused on the grammatical direction of some of the anomalous readings of Ibn Hisham in his book, the subject of the research, relying on the descriptive and analytical method, and benefiting from the sources and references that enrich the study and provide it with rich information.
Copyright (c) 2026 م.م. علي عبد الوهاب حسن https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The impact of population growth on the sustainable standard of residential land use in the neighborhoods of Kufa city (maysan - maythim altamar - alsaray - kandat 1) 2022 – 2027
The importance of the residential function is evident from the proportion it occupies in relation to the built-up area and the total area of ​​the city - which often exceeds 40% of the city's area, and this is not a small area. This requires assessment and analysis of residential land uses, enabling sustainable planning and identifying the gap between reality and the sustainable housing standard . Which represents the hypothesis for the problem of whether there is a compatibility between residential use and the sustainable standard . The aim of this research is to analyze how the planner can control residential use by narrowing the gap between actual residential use and the sustainable standard. The research depends on the descriptive approach to study and analyze the neighborhoods of Kufa city by comparing the reality of the situation with regard to the area of ​​the city’s neighborhoods and knowing the extent of the impact of population growth on this use in these neighborhoods and predicting it for the year 2027 to provide the need for serviced spaces for residential areas in Kufa city . One of the most important results is that the rapid population growth and the division of families into more than one family necessarily requires the provision of standard spaces for sustainable housing.
Copyright (c) 2026 أ.د. حسن جبار هميم، الباحث ماجد محسن كاني https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Representatives evaluation of irrigation projects in Iraq (1939-1958)
Successive Iraqi governments have sought to pay attention to irrigation projects because they are the mainstay of the Iraqi agricultural economy, and representatives have closely followed them. The research provided a clear presentation of the most important government promises to implement large irrigation projects capable of solving all irrigation problems in the country and capable of securing all the needs of the agricultural sector through the construction of dams, reservoirs and other projects of great importance. Here we will begin to shed light on that.
Copyright (c) 2026 أ.د. حيدر غانم عبد الحسن، الباحثة نسرين خليل محمد https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Morphological transformations in the poetic language of Al-Mutanabbi - selected examples
This research explores the phenomenon of morphological transformations in the poetry of Al-Mutanabbi, considering it one of the most prominent stylistic tools that shaped his distinctive poetic language and enriched his literary experience. The study aims to analyze how Al-Mutanabbi employed the morphological potential of the Arabic language—such as diminutives, broken plurals, dual forms, and creative derivation—to achieve various semantic and aesthetic purposes. It also seeks to reveal the connection between these transformations and the rhythmic structure of his verse, in addition to their role in intensifying meaning and expanding its symbolic and philosophical dimensions. The research adopts analytical and stylistic approaches to examine selected poems by Al-Mutanabbi, highlighting the transformative power of morphology in embodying his philosophical vision and constructing vibrant poetic imagery.
Copyright (c) 2026 م.م. فائزة عبد الأمير شمران https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The artistic image and its suggestive power in enhancing the emotional response in “The Bitter Violet” by the poet Alaa Jasib
This research examines the artistic image in poetic texts and its suggestive ability to stimulate the reader's emotional response, through an analytical study of the poetry collection "Bitter Violet" by the poet Alaa Jasib. The research started from the premise that the artistic image, as a central aesthetic element, is not merely a tangible embodiment of ideas, but rather an active tool in creating an emotional state that amplifies the recipient's interaction with the text. The research adopted a descriptive and textual analysis approach combined with the interpretive method, where the main artistic images were extracted and classified into metaphors, similes, and sensory images, and their semantic and suggestive layers were explored. The results showed that the poet employs artistic images to form a "sensory space" in which the recipient interacts with the contrasting themes of pain and hope in "Bitter Violet," while metaphors enhance the symbolic dimension of the image. The precise rhetorical formulations also led to the reader's participation in the process of creating meaning, so the image served as a bridge between the poetic text and the recipient's internal experience.
Copyright (c) 2026 م.د. إنعام حسن شمران الظفيري https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The water problem in Iraq and its impact on Iraqi-Turkish economic relations
The international environment has witnessed, and continues to witness, numerous problems, foremost among them the water crisis, particularly in the Middle East. The water issue in the Middle East is of paramount importance, especially for Iraq, due to its significant vulnerability to the amount of water flowing into it, as determined by Turkey. This research examines the water dispute between Iraq and Turkey, exploring its legal and humanitarian dimensions. Water scarcity impacts government policies and Iraq's present and future, potentially leading to serious, even catastrophic, consequences. The central problem addressed by this study is that Turkey pursues specific water policies toward Syria and Iraq, leveraging them to serve its own interests and objectives. The research employs a historical approach to present the facts and historical events surrounding the water issue, a descriptive-analytical approach to identify variables and analyze their role and impact on Turkey's water strategy, and a probabilistic-speculation approach to formulate future scenarios for that strategy.
Copyright (c) 2026 م.د. فادية عباس هادي https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Outputs of Art Education Department Students in the Composition painting
The current research aims to investigate the impact of artificial intelligence on the outcomes of students in the Department of Art Education in the subject of pictorial composition. The experiment was applied to a sample consisting of third-year students in the Department of Art Education, College of Education, University of Kufa, comprising 30 students (15 individuals in each group). The tool used to achieve the research objective was a skill performance evaluation form. The key findings of the research are: The tests indicated that the adoption of artificial intelligence was more effective in improving students' drawing abilities compared to traditional lectures.
Copyright (c) 2026 أ.م.د. علي أمين سامي، الباحث صلاح حسن عبد الحسين https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Commitment to the rule of appropriateness in the play "Al-Hussein as a martyr" by Abdul Rahman Al-Sharqaw
Pragmatics paid great attention to the principle of cooperation established by Grice, this principle represents an innate value represented by human behavior, as commitment to this principle between the parties to the discourse represents the success of communication and reaching the stages of understanding between them. Grice established four rules for the principle of cooperation, and stated that failure to adhere to these rules will generate dialogical implication. Grice believes that in order for the principle of cooperation to achieve its goal, the dialogue must be committed to the principle of cooperation and its rules. The researcher addressed the aspect of commitment to the rule of appropriateness in the play “Al-Hussein, a Martyr” by Abdul Rahman Al-Sharqawi, as the researcher showed examples of the author’s commitment to the rule of appropriateness in the play by citing different examples of the play’s dialog.
Copyright (c) 2026 أ.م.د. علي صادق جعفر العطية، الباحث نور ظاهر محسن https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Characteristics of the art of Islamic miniatures, (the Baghdad school as a model)
This research explores the art of miniatures, an art form that flourished in or under Islamic influence, characterized by geometric designs and decorative compositions. The research problem can be formulated as follows: What are the most important characteristics of Islamic miniature art, using the Baghdad School as a model? The significance of this research lies in highlighting the most important characteristics of Islamic miniature art in general, and the Baghdad School in particular. The first section contains the theoretical framework, a review of previous studies, and a discussion of them. The theoretical framework comprises two subsections: the first on Islamic miniature art, and the second on the Baghdad School. It concludes with a review of previous studies and the indicators derived from the theoretical framework. The second section addresses the research methodology. The researchers adopted a descriptive-analytical approach, focusing on the works of Iraqi female artists as the research population and selecting a purposive sample of selected examples for analysis.
Copyright (c) 2026 أ.د. عماد حمود عبد الحسين تويج، الباحثة سارة ساجد صالح https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Politeness in a man's speech Examples of the prophets’ speech to their people
Conversational politeness is considered one of the most important pillars of effective communication, but it is often overlooked in men’s speech, which leads to misunderstandings and conflicts. This research aims t +/*-o study conversational refinement in men’s speech, using the speech of the prophets with their people as a model to be emulated, in order to highlight its importance and impact on the success of communication. The study showed that the speech of the prophets was characterized by a purifying tendency, despite the negative reactions and clear violation of purification by their people. The prophets used various linguistic methods to achieve conversational refinement, such as courtship, interrogation, choice, and presenting rational and logical arguments. The study also demonstrated that conversational refinement is not an indication of weakness, but rather an indication of strength, self-confidence, and eagerness to guide others. Dialogical discipline is an effective way to win hearts and build healthy human relations. The values of dialogical discipline should be instilled in the souls of the younger generations, and they must be taught the arts of constructive dialogue.
Copyright (c) 2026 أ.د. عبد علي حسن ناعور الجاسمي، الباحثة عذراء حسين كاظم https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Impact of Am pact of American and Soviet Policies During the cold war on international Balance from
The study sheds light on American policies and their role in confronting the rise of the Soviet Union during the Cold War, focusing on international balance and its importance in the political, social, cultural, and economic spheres. It also presents the historical background of the Cold War, explaining the ideological conflict between the capitalist and communist systems and its global impact. The division of Germany into West and East Germany was a significant factor that helped deepen the conflict between the superpowers, affecting the international balance and leading to numerous crises, including the Cuban Missile Crisis. The Cold War cannot be limited to economic and political aspects alone, as it was a global ideological confrontation that coincided with the emergence of a pole—the Soviet Union—that sought to change the world, against a pole—the United States—that believed in its right to global hegemony as an alternative to European countries. The study links the past and the present, especially as we are in the midst of the re-emergence of powerful global poles such as Russia and China, and American attempts to weaken them. It can be said that the Cold War will re-emerge in light of the world's division over various issues.
Copyright (c) 2025 أ.م.د. أنور فاضل الخالدي https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Importance of Contemplation in the Holy Quran (An Analytical Study)
Contemplating the verses of the Holy Quran is a type of methodology that has special foundations and principles. It means trying to understand the wise arrangement of the verses and discover the objectives of the teachings of the Holy Quran. Contemplation differs from thinking and reasoning, and from knowing interpretation, which, from a traditional perspective, is the process of clarifying meanings and explaining the significance and meaning of the text. Contemplation, on the other hand, means diving into the depths of the meanings of the Holy Quran and the connotations of its verses. Contemplating the Holy Quran is reflecting on its meanings, contemplating its principles and consequences. This entails expanding from the verse to the context and the surah to forming an idea in which, with the help of thought and purity of heart, we can understand the sole guiding purpose of each surah and communicate with it. This type of contemplation has great and important results on the path of human perfection. The study addressed the linguistic and technical meaning of contemplation, and then we touched upon the importance of contemplation in the Holy Quran and the noble narrations. The difference between contemplation and interpretation was also discussed, and we also discussed the principles and foundations of contemplation in the Holy Quran. The methodology followed in this research is descriptive analytical approach.
importance of contemplation in the Holy Quran
results of contemplation in the Holy Quran
Copyright (c) 2025 أ.م.د. خالد يونس النعماني https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
God Almighty has commanded us in His Holy Book to verify news before spreading it, and that rumors are a social phenomenon like all phenomena that may appear in a society, and they have been present in all ages, and they grow and flourish with the needs of man in life. The rumor appears simple at the beginning, but it quickly spreads very quickly, causing fear and terror among members of society. Given the situation in Iraq, it was necessary to research the subject of rumors and their impact from various aspects, including the legal aspect, specifically the legal aspect, and we find that the Iraqi legislator has organized this crime under the title of crimes harmful to the public interest. We wanted to know whether the criminal legal texts covered the subject or not and whether the texts were sufficient in terms of preventive or punitive measures and the extent of proportionality and whether they contributed to combating this crime and raising awareness, prevention and treatment, especially after the tremendous and frightening scientific and technological progress and that rumor crimes are intentional formal crimes, as well as crimes of danger in which it is sufficient for the behavior to result in a danger to the right or interest subject to criminal protection, without requiring actual damages, because the danger in itself is a criminal result in the legislative model in state security crimes, whether from the inside or outside.
Copyright (c) 2025 م.د. محمود صالح عاتي الحسن https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Sustainable Pedestrian Environment in Walkability in Karbala City Center
There are various and diverse means of transportation, each with its own advantages and disadvantages for the environment. However, walking is considered a healthy means of transportation for humans and the environment. It is non-polluting to the environment and is considered an active means of transportation in urban environments. Therefore, planners must provide a sustainable pedestrian environment that increases the possibility of walking in the streets. Karbala city suffers from neglect in planning pedestrian streets and achieving a sustainable pedestrian environment. Therefore, we assume the achievement of sustainable pedestrian streets that include economic, social and environmental efficiency that increases walkability in Karbala city center. The descriptive analytical approach is used in the research, which aims to extract indicators of a sustainable pedestrian environment based on theories based on pedestrians and study the relationship between these indicators through multiple regression analysis of non-parametric variables and their relationship to the independent variable (walkability) to survey a sample. The research aimed to clarify several concepts such as walkability and review the literature related to pedestrians, then extract indicators for achieving a sustainable environment, and create a questionnaire to demonstrate the strength of expression and the relationship between the indicators and address the analysis of Karbala city center.
Copyright (c) 2025 أ.م.د. سارة محمود الجواري، الباحث علي حسين غافل https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Geographical Scope and Its Impact on the Distribution of Tasks and Activities of Civil Society Organizations in Iraq After 2003
The research revolves around studying the impact of the geographical area, with its urban and rural dimension, on the work mechanisms and efficiency of civil society institutions operating in Iraq after 2003, which means that the process of monitoring such an impact - and through statistics, percentages and maps - will reveal to us the process of dimensions of the geographical distribution of civil society institutions in relation to... For the governorates of central, southern and northern Iraq only, but it will also reveal the nature and limits of the tasks, activities and programs that are compatible with the nature of such distribution. In other words, it will reveal the functional and organizational dimension of such institutions, the nature of their activities and programs and their connection to the nature of the geographical space in which such institutions move and spread.
Copyright (c) 2025 م.م. فاطمة علي فخر الدين https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The effect of financing structure on value-based financial performance Analytical
The current study seeks to measure the impact of the financing structure, with its sub-variables (equity at book value to total assets, total short-term debts to total assets, market value of shares to total assets, retained earnings to total assets) as an independent variable, on financial performance based on value. , which consists of (economic value added, and monetary value added) As a dependent variable, and determine the type of relationship between the variables of the study, in the industrial joint stock companies, the study sample, and in order to achieve the objectives of the study and answer its questions, the study tested a sample of the joint industrial companies, using the data published on the website of the Iraq Stock Exchange for the period from (2010- 2020) and the sample included (12) industrial companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange.
Copyright (c) 2025 أ.م.د. حيدر جاسم الجبوري، الباحث وسام عبد الأمير جواد https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The participation of Iraqi youth in political work after 2003
The political participation of Iraqi youth has had the greatest impact in achieving many positive achievements such as equality and justice, preventing authoritarianism and controlling political action by one party, or preventing many illegal actions such as exposing corruption and wasting public money, all of which enhance the people’s retention and exercise of power Through his representatives whom he chooses to express his will, and thus it is the practical expression of the voluntary social contract, not only in its theoretical concept, especially since the Iraqi people represent a large proportion of the youth of its population that reaches 60%, as it achieves the peaceful and periodic transfer of power, which creates political stability and is The desired goal that society and the state alike aspire to. As far as this matter relates to Iraq, the researcher focuses on political participation in it. After the fall of the political authority on April 9, 2003, it became possible to practice the process of political participation for young people by releasing political freedoms, so many political groups emerged with youth orientations and civil society institutions with increasing numbers and a great role, and they are among the requirements for the establishment and success of the process of political participation, in addition to Participation of many young people to practice political work by joining political parties, participating in civil society institutions, or participating in elections.
Copyright (c) 2026 م.م. رماح سعد مرهون https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0