الخفاف ع.ع.ح. and النجم ض.ج. 2017. Spatial distribution of the dependency ratio in Najaf Governorate for the period (1997-2014 AD). Kufa Journal of Arts. 1, 32 (Jun. 2017), 11–30. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36317/kaj/2017/v1.i32.6055.