The Kufa Journal of Arts is a quarterly scientific journal concerned with publishing research and writings in all fields of human sciences. It is published by the University of Kufa, College of Arts. It is considered one of the best scientific journals for publishing research. This scientific journal publishes paper and electronic copies periodically with services For Iraqi researchers and from different countries of the world in various fields and scientific, literary, educational, legal, Islamic and jurisprudential sciences, humanities, social and historical sciences, and many others. The editor-in-chief of the journal aims for the Kufa Literature Journal to be at the forefront of the scientific journals that contribute to supporting the research and cultural balance and enriching the balance of the Iraqi, Arab and international libraries. ISSN (Print): 1994-8999 - ISSN (online) : 2664-469X
The position of the people of Khorasan province on the developments of events in Iran 1962-1979 AD, a documentary study
The Islamic Revolution in Iran in 1979 and the events that followed it constituted one of the most important revolutions in contemporary history, not only on the regional level but also in the entire world. The Iranian province of Khorasan is one of the most important regions that witnessed a broad popular movement against the Pahlavi regime, as it includes the shrine of Imam Ali al-Rida, peace be upon him, in the city of Mashhad, in addition to being the birthplace of the leader of the Islamic Revolution, Sayyid Khomeini, in the city of Khomein. Mr. Khomeini, with his powerful speeches against the Pahlavi regime and its policies, was able to inspire and motivate most of the Iranian people to stand against the government without fear. The Iranian people’s struggle against the Pahlavi regime developed from secret and public meetings and the distribution of leaflets supporting Mr. Khomeini’s movement, to the stage of peaceful protests and sit-ins inside mosques, schools and universities. However, the most influential thing that had the greatest impact on the fall of the Shah was the protests and sit-ins of government employees and workers, as they confused the government administrative apparatus and caused it to lose control over the joints of the state and its institutions, in addition to the financial losses it incurred as a result of those sit-ins.
Copyright (c) 2026 محمد حسين مطر هاشم البكاء https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE IMPACT OF PRAGMATICS-FOCUSED INSTRUCTION ON IRAQI EFL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ PRAGMATIC COMPETENCE
The acquisition of pragmatic competence is essential for effective communication and the development of deliberative skills in any language. Despite its importance, the role of pragmatics-focused instruction in enhancing the pragmatic competence of non-native speakers, particularly Iraqi college students, remains underexplored. This research seeks to bridge the gap in the literature by providing insights into how targeted instructional approaches can contribute to the improvement of pragmatic skills among this specific population. Furthermore, it aims to highlight the significance of incorporating pragmatic elements in language curricula to foster the development of deliberative competence, empowering Iraqi college students to engage in constructive dialogue and critical thinking in various communicative contexts. The control (25) and treatment (25) groups were randomly selected to include fourteen low-intermediate students from diverse L1s. A qualitative discourse analytic technique was utilised to compare the learning results in the treatment group to those in the control group after data from role-playing were transcribed. The results show how the instructional strategy improved L2 students' pragmatic performance of the focused speaking act. This implies that L2 instruction that tries to provide students with metapragmatic knowledge linked to significant chances for language usage may improve students' L2 pragmatic development. According to the researcher, this emphasis on pragmatic competence includes the desire to recognize and comprehend the components and procedures that go into a language learner's acquisition of pragmatic abilities. From the standpoint of the language instructor, it is the desire to provide pupils with the information, tactics, and skills necessary for effectively conveying their intended meanings.
Copyright (c) 2026 مآرب محمد صنكور https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
U.S.-China Technological Rivalry in the Middle East (2011-2025): From Soft Power to Digital Structural Influence
This study examines the technological competition between the United States and the People’s Republic of China in the Middle East from 2011 to 2025, within the context of broader transformations in the international system. It is grounded in the premise that digital technology has moved beyond its conventional role as technical infrastructure to become a structural component of soft power and strategic influence. The study adopts an analytical framework that integrates constructivist and liberal institutionalist perspectives to explain how digital infrastructure, data platforms, and communication networks reshape power relations among states. It focuses on the Middle East as a key arena of this competition, particularly given the region’s accelerating digital transformation. The analysis is structured around three interconnected dimensions: the reconceptualization of soft power in the digital age, a comparative assessment of U.S. and Chinese technological strategies in the region, and an examination of regional state responses to this rivalry. The findings indicate that Sino-American technological competition is reshaping the region’s digital architecture, contributing to the emergence of a partially fragmented technological environment. At the same time, Middle Eastern states exhibit strategic agency by adopting hedging and balancing strategies that enhance their autonomy while leveraging the benefits of great-power competition.
Copyright (c) 2026 م.د. أمجد رسول محمد https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Cynical Turn: How Postmodern Fiction Subverts False Consciousness
خلاصة The research analyzes the concept of irony, which it considers fundamental to understanding postmodern literature, using Peter Sloterdijk's term "cynical reason." Following this traditional false consciousness, no less important than Marx's core concept (that ideology is merely a false veneer applied to reality, an illusion standing between humanity and the inherent truth underlying every phenomenon, large or small), comes "enlightened false enlightenment," a diagnosis Sloterdijk (1987) puts forward of another kind of burgeoning ideology, one that is difficult to eradicate. Although individuals may recognize the falsity of ideological discourses and the gap between words and deeds within their context, they still react to their own responsible illusions. It is a battle in which both sides are aware of the other's existence! The researcher points out that postmodern literary works not only reflect this ironic situation, but also make a serious attempt to deconstruct it. By examining three specific narrative strategies-metafiction, critical parody, and a destabilization of irony-and through case studies of texts such as Don DeLillo's White Noise (1985) or Kurt Vonnegut's Slaughterhouse-Five (1969), it demonstrates the ways in which postmodern narrative forms challenge the limitations of detached knowingness by forcing the reader to confront themselves. This fiction does go further, in demanding an uncomfortable reckoning with its own mechanics of construction, and thus pushes the quasi-cynical and complacent paralysis of cynical reason to open a space for a renewed, if fraught, ethical and political awareness. The ‘cynical turn’ in literature thus does not signal a retreat into nihilism but rather an advanced effort to grub out ideology from the inside.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zahraa Alboard https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
تمثلات الغيرية والأنساق الثقافية المضمرة في رواية "المرأة الأخرى" لكريمة أحداد
تتناول هذه الدراسة رواية (المرأة الأخرى) للروائية المغربية كريمة أحداد بالتحليل النقدي الثقافي، بهدف الكشف عن آليات تمثُّل الغيريّة وتجلياتها في بنية النص الروائي، واستجلاء الأنساق الثقافية المضمرة التي تُحرِّك دلالاته العميقة وتُوجِّه بنيته السردية. وتنطلق الدراسة من إشكالية محورية مفادها: كيف تتجلّى الغيريّة في هذه الرواية بوصفها نسقاً ثقافياً مضمراً يُعيد إنتاج منظومة الهوية الأنثوية والسلطة الاجتماعية في السياق المغربي المعاصر؟ وتتفرع عن هذه الإشكالية تساؤلات فرعية تتعلق بآليات اشتغال نسق المقارنة الأنثوية، وتجليات الفساد الثقافي في الفضاء الإبداعي، وتوظيف التقنيات السردية خدمةً للأنساق المضمرة. تعتمد الدراسة النقد الثقافي بمفهومه الشامل الذي أرست أسسه مدرسة برمنغهام للدراسات الثقافية، مستأنسةً بإسهامات ريموند ويليامز في تحليل الثقافة بوصفها ممارسةً اجتماعيةً حية، وستيوارت هول في نظرية التمثيل الثقافي والهيمنة، وهومي بابا في مفهوم الغيريّة والهوية المُفاوَض عليها، وسيمون دو بوفوار في تفكيك ثنائية الأنا والأخرى من منظور نسوي، وبول ريكور في مفهوم الهوية السردية. ولا تُوظَّف هذه المرجعيات النظرية توظيفاً متوازياً منفصلاً، بل تتمفصل وفق مبدأ التكامل الإجرائي إذ يُشكّل النقد الثقافي المحور الحاكم وتُسهم سائر الأدوات في إضاءة جوانبه المختلفة. ويرتكز التحليل على الاستناد المباشر إلى النص الروائي مصدراً أولياً لا غنى عنه من خلال مقاربة الشخصيات والعلاقات والفضاء والتقنيات السردية مقاربةً نقديةً ثقافيةً متكاملة.
الغيريّة، الأنساق الثقافية المضمرة، النقد الثقافي، كريمة أحداد، الهوية الأنثوية، السلطة الثقافية، الرواية المغربية المعاصرة، الكتابة النسائية.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hawraa Aziz Elawi Algaim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
تأثير خصائص الطقس في الحالة الصحية النفسية - دراسة تطبيقية عن محافظة بغداد - الكرخ
تضمن بحثنا هذا دراسة تأثير العناصر والظواهر الطقسية في الحالات السلوكية والنفسية المتمثلة بالحالة الصحية التي تحصل في محافظة بغداد بجانب الكرخ، والتي تم تحديدها بوساطة دراسة عدد من الامراض النفسية والعقلية والامراض التي ترتبط بحالة التوتر التي تحصل لدى الافراد كما في مرضي الضغط والسكر. وعن طريق تحديد عدد من المتغيرات التي يمكن اعتمادها كقياس لتلك الحالات ومدى تكرارها بحسب أشهر السنة وفصولها، وتم تحديد عام (2023) لتوفر البيانات المطلوبة عنها، وتم الاعتماد على (12 حالة مرضية) مختلفة – ومن ثم تطبيق عدد من المعاملات الإحصائية (معامل الارتباط r، معامل التحديد (التفسير Rsq، معامل الانحدار) لبيان ذلك التأثير، وقد تضمن البحث دراسة الجوانب الآتية: تحليل خصائص مناخ منطقة الدراسة. تحليل خصائص الامراض ذوات العلاقة في منطقة الدراسة. بيان تأثير خصائص مناخ منطقة الدراسة في حصول الامراض المرتبطة بسلوك الافراد بمختلف أنواعها.
الطقس، المناخ، بغداد ، الكرخ، نفسي، سلوكي، عصبي، امراض.
Copyright (c) 2026 مثنى فاضل الوائلي الوائلي، انعام حميد جوده https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Ottoman Policy Towards the Ak Koyunlu State 1403-1508: A Historical Study
This study seeks to trace Ottoman policy towards the Ak Koyunlu State, from the establishment of the Ak Koyunlu Emirate in 1403 until the fall of its last stronghold in 1508. This policy went through three phases: the first, which lasted until Mehmed the Conqueror's accession to the throne in 1451, was characterized by peace, as both sides were preoccupied with their internal problems. The second phase spanned the period from 1453 to 1473, coinciding with the reigns of Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror and Uzun Hasan, who saw himself as a rival to the Ottoman Sultan. Their relations became strained, and their interests clashed in Trabzon and the Karamanids. Their forces clashed in the decisive Battle of Utluk Balı, which ended in a major Ottoman victory. This marked the entry of the Ak Koyunlu Emirate into a period of weakness and collapse, and Ottoman policy towards the Ak Koyunlu entered another phase, characterized by general peace, with little interference in internal affairs. The Ak Koyunlu Dynasty, and the exploitation of the internal conflict of the Ak Koyunlu Dynasty in favor of the Ottoman Empire, the Ottoman Empire embraced the opposing Ak Koyunlu princes. Until Kudet Ahmed bin Muhammad Uğurlu, son-in-law of Sultan Bayezid II and grandson of Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror, was brought to the top of the power pyramid in the Ak Koyunlu Dynasty. After his murder, the struggle for power in the Ak Koyunlu Dynasty continued until Tabriz fell to the Safavids in 1501, followed by Baghdad in 1508.
Copyright (c) 2026 علي خليل احمد https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Man's Criticism and its Applications in the Book (Text and Ijtihad). About Mr. Sharafeddine
As for the main topic of this book, it is the criticism of men and women who interpreted the Qur’an and prophetic texts in a way (interpretation of opinion), following passion and seeking sedition, meaning that it is an indirect criticism of men, i.e. in a way that the interpretation of opinion is reflected in the first interpreting personalities, who interpreted and applied their interpretation because these were They represent religious and political authority, and the offense is also reflected on the narrators who sanctified these personalities and justified their interpretations and considered them part of the constitution of social, religious and devotional life, including the interpretations of Abu Bakr and Omar and their followers, the interpretations of Osman and his followers, the interpretation of Aisha and her followers, and The interpretation of Khalid bin Al-Walid, and the woes of Muawiyah, in addition to what the majority of the nation did.
Copyright (c) 2023 زكاة عبد علي محمد، هناء حسين علوان https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
وباء الموتان (الفناء الكبير) : إشكالية النطاق، تجليات الكارثة، وآليات المواجهة (749هـ/1348م)
شهد العالم الاسلامي خلال قرونه العشر الاولى موجات وبائية متعدده غير ان بعضها تميز بشدة الفتك واتساع النطاق حتى تجاوز الجزيرة العربية والشام ومصر ليعم ارجاء المعمورة ومن ابرز هذه الاوبئة واكثرها تأثيرا الموتان الاسود او الفناء الكبير 749هـ كما يصفه المؤرخ ابن الوردي بداية ظهوره فيذكر ان خبره انطلق من الصين ثم تمدد نحو الهند وبلغ بلاد الاوزبك وقصم ظهر ما وراء النهر وهجم على بلاد ما وراء النهر وهجم على بلاد العجم ولاسيما ارض الخطا والقرم والروم وقبرص والجزيرة وبعد ذلك حل بمصر وتوسع نحو المغرب الادنى ثم عرج على غزة وعسقلان وعكا وفلسطين وصولا الى قبة الصخرة وبيروت وصولاا الى بغداد اما عن اعراضه فيذكر المؤرخون ان العلامة الدالة على الاصابة كانت نفث الدم فمتى بصق احدهم دما تأكد موته
وباء الموتان. الموتانالاسود.الفناء الكبير . الطاعون . طاعون الانساب
Copyright (c) 2026 علي خضير عبد العباس https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Reclaiming the Body and the Land: Ecofeminist Resistance and Postcolonial Female Agency in Chin Woon’s Details Cannot Body Wants
Postcolonial theory has had a significant impact on literary criticism, for the time being, yet, colonial works, especially colonial discourse, have a documented effect on literature. Edward Said noted the play ‘Tempest’ by William Shakespeare as one of the foremost representations of those from the so-called third world’s ‘Other.’ Several plays considered postcolonial works that tackle the influence of colonial discourse and operate against it were cited by Helen Gilbert in the ‘postcolonial plays.’ Gilbert has compiled a list of 19 postcolonial plays that deliberate and address issues such as globalization, media representation, and nationalism. The play ‘Details cannot body wants’ written in 1992 by Chin Woon Ping, covers a wide range of topics from the postcolonial era. However, the mistreatment’s mental effect on subaltern women in postcolonial countries is a crucial topic. The researcher concentrates on the position of women in society in this study, demonstrating the type of coping strategy that allows them to be accepted in their communities. It focuses on some of the critical concepts of postcolonial theory to better describe the role of women subjected to long-term mistreatment. The study examines terms like ecofeminism, marginality, hybridity, and mimicry, utilizing examples from the text to sustain the analysis of the play. The study concluded that women’s roles and positions were persecuted during the colonial period. There is a need for more rights, necessitating revolution and struggle; that is possible, inevitable, and gradually achievable.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ali H. Ali، Sarmad ALAHMED ، Sattar J. Hashim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ضمانات تنفيذ الأحكام الإدارية وتحدياتها دراسة تحليلية
تعد الاحكام الادارية اداة اساسية لتحقيق سيادة القانون وضمان المشروعية في تصرفات الادارة العامة، الا ان تنفيذ هذه الاحكام يواجه تحديات قانونية واجرائية تعيق وصول المتقاضين الى حقوقهم كاملة. تهدف هذه الدراسة الى تحليل ضمانات تنفيذ الاحكام الادارية في النظام القانوني، مع تسليط الضوء على العقبات التي تحول دون التنفيذ الفعال، مثل البطئ الاداري، والقصور التشريعي، وضعف الرقابة القضائية على التنفيذ. اعتمد البحث على المنهج التحليلي الوصفي لدراسة النصوص القانونية ذات الصلة، مع مقارنة بالتجارب الدولية الناجحة في هذا المجال، بغية تقديم مقترحات عملية لتفعيل ضمانات التنفيذ وتحقيق العدالة الناجزة.
الأحكام الإدارية، ضمانات التنفيذ، القضاء الإداري، التحديات القانونية، سيادة القانون
Copyright (c) 2026 علي كريم مجيد https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Conflict of texts and the mechanism of their treatment by jurists and legal scholars
This research stems from a primary inquiry regarding the extent of convergence and divergence between the methodologies of Islamic jurists and legal scholars in understanding and handling both religious (Sharia) and legal texts, and whether they originate from the same foundational principles. It focuses on the established fact that jurists rely on the fundamentals of Islamic jurisprudence (Usul al-Fiqh) and the objectives of Sharia (Maqasid) when interpreting any text. This raises questions about the degree to which legal scholars depend on these jurisprudential foundations when interpreting legal texts, and the reasons for their recourse to them, if it exists.The research aims to answer these questions by integrating the theoretical framework of Usul al-Fiqh with practical legal application. It seeks to identify points of intersection and common needs among constitutional and legal legislators, judges, lawyers, and jurists. The study is organized into an introduction that addresses the utilization of Usul al-Fiqh in legal studies, followed by three main sections. These sections discuss the concepts of text and conflict, the criteria for resolving conflicts (Tarjeeh) and the mechanisms of preference used by both jurists and legal scholars, and finally, present practical applied models. The research concludes by summarizing the key findings reached .
Uṣūl al-fiqh; Conflict of evidences (Taʿāruḍ); Tarjīḥ (Preponderance); Islamic jurisprudence; Civil code; Comparative law; Sanhouri; Legal interpretation; Customary reconciliation (Jamʿ); Ijtihād.
Copyright (c) 2026 ا.د. جواد احمد البهادلي، م.د. احمد حسن حطاب https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Morphological Analysis of Phonological Switch Points in Large Language Models-Generated English Blends
Forming neologisms such as brunch and smog represents a complex example of linguistic creativity. This process involves the compression of two conceptual domains as well as the intentional manipulation of phonological, orthographic, and semantic material to produce a novel yet interpretable lexical item. With the emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) as powerful generators of text capable of producing language often indistinguishable from that of humans, the question of whether these models can truly replicate this type of human creativity has become a central focus of inquiry. This study explores the blending capabilities of six contemporary LLMs by implementing a systematic analysis of their neologisms in comparison to those created by humans. Depending on established frameworks of word formation (WF) theory, the study investigates the phonological switch point, the juncture at which the two source words (SWs) are joined to form a new lexeme, in blends generated by LLMs. Through systematic analysis of 43 LLM-generated blends, the study identifies 14 distinct switch point types and reveals that LLMs demonstrate a clear preference for syllable boundary switches, followed by onset-nucleus boundaries and nucleus coda boundaries. The analysis shows that LLMs successfully learn and apply general phonological rules from their training data. These preferences align with those observed in human-generated blends. Furthermore, LLMs are sensitive to phonotactic constraints. They avoid splits within complex consonant clusters. These findings suggest that while LLMs can acquire sophisticated phonological knowledge through statistical learning, their approach to blend formation (BF) reflects learned patterns rather than genuine creative intuition. The study contributes to our understanding of how LLMs process morphological and phonological information, and raises important questions about the nature of linguistic knowledge in Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dhuha Twayje، Ekhlas Ali Mohsin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The reality of the demographic characteristics of working children and their families in the Kufa district
The study and knowledge of the population characteristics related to working children in the study area is important in knowing the population structure, gender ratio and age group, and thus linking them to the characteristics and social and economic conditions of children, which reveal to us the extent of the relationship between gender, age and other characteristics related to working children and their families through the collection of information and data that pertain to phenomenon when studied in the field. The demographic characteristics are important in population studies, as they show us the knowledge of the demographic society represented mainly in the qualitative and age structure of the population to show us the numbers of males and females and the age groups in society. Their age structure, as the age group under fifteen years is considered a dependent group by other age groups, and it is not their responsibility to work, but the economic, social and political conditions prevented this, as children under the age of fifteen work in marginal jobs to support their families and thus support Themselves, despite the serious business challenges, they practice it because of their economic need for it.
Copyright (c) 2023 ميثم غلام محمد، أ.م.د. رحيم محمد عبد زيد العبدلي https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The impact of the US-Chinese-Russian competition on US foreign policy in the Middle East
This study seeks to provide an explanation for the ongoing shifts in the structure of the international system using the assumptions of the theory of power shift through a case study of the rise of Russia, China and Iran, and whether that rise really represents a shift in the balance of power in favor of either of them at the expense of the United States of America, and the impact of that The rise in their relationship with the only superpower in the world, the United States of America, and the structure of the international system and then the international policies . Through this research, the researcher concluded that the United States of America is part of these regional tensions that took place and are taking place in the countries of the Middle East, and that it has a hand in pulling the vision of the Belt and Road in another direction to limit Chinese influence . The researcher also concluded through her study that the United States of America endeavors to direct Iraq to new steps towards curtailing competing countries such as China, Russia and Iran.
Copyright (c) 2023 جنان فخري حسن الشمري، الاستاذ الدكتور مجيد حميد البدري https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
((The Poetry of Wisdom in the Court attributed to Imam Ali, peace be upon him, an intertextual analytical study))
This research, which is entitled ((Poetry of Wisdom in the Court attributed to Imam Ali, peace be upon him, an intertextual analytical study)), studies the poetry of Imam Ali and the purpose of wisdom has a study based on the analytical method, and compares its meanings and contrasts with the texts of wisdom of Imam Ali, peace be upon him himself, and with hadiths The honorable prophethood of the Messenger Muhammad, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family, and based on the honorable Quranic verses, So the researcher started first by defining the meaning of (wisdom linguistically and idiomatically), then the types of wisdom, its virtues, its effects, the head of wisdom, the sums of wisdom, the characteristics of the wise, what the wise should and should not, anecdotes of judgment..)) This research is of great importance because Imam Ali, peace be upon him, is the repository of wisdom and its mineral, so he almost never has words devoid of wisdom, for he is the master of rhetoric, and he is the master of the language and leans towards it. Wisdom is studied in an intertextual analytical study in the first chapter of wisdom through the rule of Imam Ali, peace be upon him, the hadith of the Prophet, and the Qur’anic verses that speak of wisdom and classifying them objectively according to the above divisions, while in the next two chapters he divided the rule according to its purposes and explained it in an analytical explanation intertextually by mentioning a verse of the imam and then adding The researcher explained, then mentioned the wisdom of Imam Ali, which is supported by a prophetic hadith, then a Quranic verse in the same way
Copyright (c) 2023 صلاح جهام عبد الفاضل الشبلاوي، الدكتور حسين ناضري، الدكتور أحمد رضا حيدريان شهري https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The claim of the legendary origins of the personality of the Prophet Yunus, peace be upon him) in the Holy Qur’an
As usual, non-religious people try to find loopholes - according to their perception - to slander the divine religions, and the Islamic religion in particular, so they took the incident of the whale swallowing Yunus (peace be upon him) as a door to slander this historical religious figure, claiming that it was derived from ancient myths such as the Greek myth of Hercules, who was swallowed by the Houthis for three days. Then he escaped after that, and from the legend (Uanis), and other legends that speak of the order of the whale swallowing the hero.
Copyright (c) 2023 زينب حيدر حسن الركابي، أ.د. محمد حمزة الشيباني https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Summary: Al-Fudayl bin Yasar is one of the companions of the imams (peace be upon them). Al-Sadiq (PBUH), his death in the last decade of the life of Imam Jaafar Al-Sadiq (d. 148 AH) (PBUH), and he is one of the trustworthy companions, whom the gang gathered to believe him, and he is the trustworthy eye of Jalil Al-Qadr, and he is one of the scholars, jurists and presidents from whom the lawful is taken And the forbidden and the rulings that are not challenged, and there is no way to disparage one of them, and that the family of Al-Fudayl bin Yasar is one of the scholarly families that is attested for its closeness to the imams of the family of the House (peace be upon them), and its transmission of the hadiths of the imams, the pure and the heritage, and the testimony of the scholars of the men with their trustworthiness and honesty, in addition to mentioning the participation of Al-Fudail Thawra Zaid bin Ali (PBUH), and his novels in the four books.
Copyright (c) 2023 Fatima Hizam Shadhan, Prof.Dr.Uday Jawad Ali Al-Hajjar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
تأثير مقاطع الفيديو القصيرة في منصات التواصل الإعلامي على آراء النخبة الجامعية إزاء قضايا العنف الأسري في النجف الأشرف - دراسة ميدانية
في خضم الثورة الرقمية، تؤكد هذه الدراسة أن مقاطع الفيديو القصيرة في منصات التواصل الاعلامي قد أصبحت قوة فاعلة في تشكيل وعي النخبة الجامعية في النجف الأشرف وإعادة صياغة آرائها تجاه قضايا العنف الأسري. فلم تكن هذه المنصات مجرد نافذة عابرة، بل تحولت إلى مصدر توعوي رئيسي كسر حاجز الصمت المحيط بهذه القضية الاجتماعية الحساسة، وساهم في جعلها محط نقاش جاد وحاضر في الأوساط الأكاديمية. وبناءا على ذلك ؛فإن الدعوة موجهة الآن إلى كافة الأطراف الفاعلة إلى النخبة الجامعية لتعميق النقاش وتحويله إلى مبادرات فعلية، وإلى المؤسسات الأكاديمية ووسائل الإعلام لتبني دور توجيهي في إنتاج محتوى هادف يفضي إلى حلول. فالمستقبل يتطلب تحويل هذا الوعي المتزايد إلى برامج عمل ملموسة، تضمن في النهاية تحول الرؤى إلى واقع، والآراء إلى حماية حقيقية للأسر.
amjed abdulameer faihan azooz al-ghanimi الغانمي
Copyright (c) 2026 أمجد الغانمي https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
University of Kufa / College of ArtsPrepared by: Dr. Ghufran Muhammad Sayhood Al-ShibliKuwait's Economic Role in the Palestinian CauseAn Analytical Historical Study (1967–1990)
The Palestinian cause witnessed radical economic and political transformations after the June 1967 setback, as the Arab countries, especially the Arab Gulf states, including Kuwait, formed a fundamental support to confront the challenges that the Palestinians faced after the setback, Kuwait was at the forefront of the countries supporting economically, officially and popularly through funding Palestinian institutions and organizations However, this role has undergone changes, coinciding with political, economic, and regional crises. This research aims to conduct a historical and analytical study of Kuwait's economic role in providing financial support to the Palestinian people after the 1967 - 1990, by posing several questions that clarify the research problem Among them, was Kuwait’s role in supporting the Palestinian cause economically between 1967 - 1990? What were the mechanisms and methods of support? The reason for choosing 1967 as the starting point for the research was due to the political, demographic and economic changes in the positions of Arab countries including Kuwait, As for the reason for stopping the research in 1990, This was due to changes in Kuwait's policies and the cessation of economic support for Palestinian refugees, and the resulting political stances taken in response to the Palestinian resistance movement. The study was structured in the form of an introduction, three sections, a conclusion, and a list of the most important sources and references, The first section was titled "The Historical Roots of Kuwaiti-Palestinian Economic-Political Relations 1936-1967," while the second section was titled "Kuwaiti-Palestinian Economic Relations 1967-1990,"The third section deals with the mechanisms of Kuwaiti economic support for the Palestinian cause from 1967 to 1990, and concludes with the most important results and conclusions. The research relied on the analytical and descriptive historical methodology by highlighting Kuwait’s economic policy and the most prominent political events, documenting them with a number of political and economic documents, reports, sources, articles and university theses, and the quantitative method by stating the figures of economic aid, financial amounts and the number of resident Palestinians Residents, their remittances, and evaluation of annual support budgets. By studying the Kuwaiti economic role in the Palestinian cause 1967–1990, it appears clear that Kuwaiti-Palestinian relations began before the partition decision in 1948 for historical, national, and religious reasons, A number of committees were formed for a group of young people who supported the Palestinian people, and they had an important multifaceted economic role in supporting the Palestinian cause politically and economicallyowever, after the June 1967 setback, it witnessed radical economic and political transformations. Changes also occurred in this role, coinciding with political, economic, and regional crises, up until 1990, as part of Arab and Islamic solidarity Official and institutional Kuwaiti aid was channeled through its institutions, including the Kuwait Fund for Development Formal and unofficial charities to help refugees.
الدور الاقتصادي الكويتي للقضية الفلسطينية. العلاقات الكويتية – الفلسطينية. اليات الدعم الاقتصادي . الانروا . منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية . صندوق الدعم الكويتي . غزو العراق للكويت.
Copyright (c) 2026 غفران محمد الشبلي https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The News policy and its role in the water crisis in Iraq with neighboring countries
The study summarizes the news and media role on the problem of exploitation of rivers and waterways between countries that share river courses, such as the Dijla and Al-Furat rivers, which are shared by Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Syria. These are among the historical and recurring problems that have generated many crises and problems among countries, which They were called (water wars) because of the lack of water flow as a result of human interventions or weather conditions such as high temperatures and lack of rain and snow that sparked these water conflicts. Here, the media side has a major role through various news outlets to shed light and contribute to bringing viewpoints closer together. States sharing water and estuaries, and mechanisms for dealing with news in bringing viewpoints closer together and highlighting local and international events and positions in news and cultural media channels, which contributes to achieving the goals, which is reaching a state of understanding and cooperation between those countries and societies to clarify the nature of the laws that relate to the riparian and shared countries. With each other in the mouths of the rivers and their sources, it is therefore necessary for the media to focus on international and local laws and legislation regarding the management and regulation of the course of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers and the branches that feed these two rivers and the historical rights of those people to reach a fair distribution of water shares approved by international laws and norms.
Copyright (c) 2025 أكرم جفات كريم ، حامد حسينيان https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Lebanon's foreign policy towards the Arab region during the era of Camille Chamoun's government 1952-1958 AD.
Lebanon's oreign policy toward the Arab region during the period o research (1952-1958) passed through phases and stages o crisis and détente according to the internal, regional and international changes. The issues o the sectarian conlict in Lebanon ormed actors that control the behavior o Lebanon's oreign policy toward the Arab world. Lebanon, which has been governing the country and its oreign policy o belie and a sense that the relationship o this kind will be or may develop results not in avor o Lebanon . At a time when Lebanon's oreign policy towards the Arab region was proceeding well and progressively in the early stages o the independent Lebanese state, unless the details o that stage aected Lebanon's independence away rom the proposals o the Arab ederations and ederations that were rejected and denounced by the Lebanese leaders, with the exception o the Arab League projects attributed the role o Lebanon and the Arab and paved the way because Lebanon takes its place among the privileged Arab states, was Lebanon's role in the settlement o projects over the Arab-Israeli conlict - a pivotal role clear and was at the oreront o Arab countries that have contributed to The solutions to the tireless problem . Hence, it was natural that the Lebanese government to declare their support and recognition o any political change gets in the orm o organization and uniy the work o the Arab countries, and stand deduced rom all projects and agreements that bring outside the scope o that organization . But this positive role did not stand in the way without giving Lebanon's strong opposition to any Arab drat unitary intervention this government, or any military movement or a coup would destabilize the Arab region
Copyright (c) 2025 عقيل زاهر سلمان، علي عظم محمد https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Groundwater Resources Management in the Eastern Moroccan Steppes: Agricultural Exploitation Pressures and Sustainability Challenges – A Case Study of the Tafrata Plain
Morocco, in its arid and semi-arid regions, faces increasing challenges in water resource management, impacting important economic sectors. These challenges are closely linked to environmental, social, and economic factors. These regions are characterized by low rainfall, making them vulnerable to recurring droughts that negatively impact water availability. At the local level, the eastern steppe regions are most affected by water scarcity for several reasons. The Tafrata Plain in eastern Morocco is one of the regions facing severe environmental challenges related to water resources, as indicated by the study results. This is due to its latitudinal location in a semi-arid climate that relies heavily on groundwater resources for human exploitation. This has led to a decline in groundwater levels due to the overexploitation of wells, especially in light of the spread of commercial agriculture that requires large quantities of water. Achieving sustainability in the study area remains linked to the need to strengthen participatory water resource management and support local populations in adopting agricultural practices that are less water-intensive, ensuring the preservation of these vital resources within the framework of sustainable agricultural development.
Copyright (c) 2025 إسماعيل بوݣلبة https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Condorcet and his method of writing history (1743-1794)
The research touched on the most prominent thinkers of the Enlightenment era in the field of history, how to write historical events, and the emphasis on following a historical approach and benefiting from the history of the past. He was influenced by thinkers in Europe, including Montesquieu and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and that the idea of ​​history for him to advance the methodology of studying history is important in terms of time, place and people, and studying the transition of man from isolation and nomadism and the gradual development of the course of societies and events that man went through, and that progress does not depend on guesswork but rather on fixed laws according to the course of development of events and enlightenment and studying history according to a methodology that helps to understand history.
Copyright (c) 2025 احمد عبد الرضا رحمن صالح العميدي https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Calculating the water deficit using the climatic water budget in Al-Muthanna Governorate for the period (2000-2021)
This The study of the climatic water balance is one of the most recent and extremely important studies because it is directly related to the climatic elements and its impact on the amount of latent evaporation / transpiration. Mathematical equations according to my method (Najib Kharoufa, and Ivanov). The research found that the study area suffers from a water deficit (monthly, seasonal, and annual), which increases in the summer and decreases in the winter. evaporation basins in the stations.
Copyright (c) 2023 سحر مجهول هارون كاظم البياتي، عدنان عودة فليح الطائي https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Forms of construction in the poem of the two part of (Mahdi Harith Al-Ghanimi, Aref Al-Saadi, Imad Jabbar)
This research deals with the issue of construction as an element of the poetic form in the poem of the two parts, and the researcher has chosen poetic texts for three of the poets (Mahdi Harith Al-Ghanimi, Aref Al-Saadi, and Imad Jabbar) as a model in their vertical poems. The three poets by the modern constructivist forms that have emerged in modern Arabic poetry or not, and if there is an influence that has occurred in those texts, then what are the limits that the poetic form allows in the poem of the two parts to represent the structural forms that were common in the ancient Arab poem, especially since the three poets They write in more than one poetic form, and if those vertical poetic texts comply with those modern structural forms, Does this mean that the poets were subject to a conflict within them between those forms in which they write, and if the poet employs structural forms that are common in another form, such as tafel poetry in his vertical poem, this may mean that the poet may write his vertical poem consciously of the tafel poem, then it is There is an overlap between the forms for one poet, and this does not mean that there are no differences between the three poets in the way they construct the poem, as there is a distance separating each one of them, according to the different visions between them.
Copyright (c) 2023 علي محيسن عبد الله، عبد الله حبيب التميمي https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The rule of replying to the Qur’an is similar to its court according to Sheikh Al-Tusi in his interpretation of Al-Tibyan
The arbitrator and the similar are among the topics of the sciences of the Qur’an and its main research, its importance has emerged due to the position it occupied in the path of research, interpretation and legal deduction in general and the creed in particular, as the arbitrator and the similar have a common origin in interpretation, jurisprudence, its origins, beliefs, and hadith, so his research was abundant . According to the imams (peace be upon them) and scholars from the exegetes and theologians, in its importance the Prophet (peace and blessings of God be upon him and his family) says: Learn the Qur’an, and learn its strangeness, and its strangeness: its obligations, and its limits. And similar, and proverbs, so work with the lawful, and leave the forbidden, and work with the arbitrator, and leave the similar, and consider the proverbs Also, the failure to return the similar to the arbitrator leads to an incorrect understanding that leads to a legal problem of doctrinal, as in the cases of embodiment, and leads to contradiction and difference in the interpretation of the verses of the Noble Qur’an and distance from the truth that must be followed. And he carried it to its meaning without making it contradict what the Almighty said in the description of the arbitrators (they are the mother of the book) and the mother: She is the one from which it begins and to it is its reference. This rule and its impact were clarified through two demands
Copyright (c) 2023 فاطمة محمد علي، أمل سهيل الحسيني https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The role of human activity in the formation of land forms and surface manifestations (Karbala Governorate as a model)
Interest in the role of human active in the formation of the Earth's surface and its direct and indirect interference in geomorphological processes, such as weathering, sculpture and sedimentation began in the twenties of the twentieth century, especially in the Western world. agent), as well as his similar article in 1923, in which he compares natural erosion (Natural denudation) and human erosion (Human denudation), pointing out that man as a factor of erosion much stronger than the forces of air erosion combined. The human being is a key factor in changing the surface manifestations of the Earth, has worked on the formation and modification of the Earth's surface to varying degrees depending on its activity in a region, and the degree of response of the terrestrial manifestations of human activity, so we have different forms of land, including what is entirely due to him as a geomorphological factor, including what contributed In changing it and adjusting it. The intervention of man in changing the appearance of the earth and the composition of the forms of the earth, was not directly, but it was through stages like other geomorphic factors that formed the surface manifestations of the earth
Copyright (c) 2023 اسيل سامي مجيد، أ.د حسين جعاز ناصر الفتلاوي ، أ.د عايد جاسم حسين الزاملي https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Arguments establishing the structure of reality in the poetry of Al-SharifFalah Al-Kadhimi died 1220 AH - Praise of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) - as a model.
This research aims to work on the arguments that establish the structure of reality in the poetry of Al-Sharif Falah Al-Kazemi, who died in 1220 AH. It came in an introduction, an entrance, and two requirements. The first: includes the argument of the witness that establishes the structure of reality, and the argument of the witness in the poetic argumentative discourse of the poet Al-Sharif Falah Al-Kazemi. The second requirement: includes the argument of the proverb that establishes the structure of reality, and the argument of the proverb in the poetic argumentative discourse of the poet Al-Sharif Falah Al-Kazemi, then arriving at the conclusion and the results of the research until the end with a list of sources and references according to the alphabetical letters.
Copyright (c) 2025 مجيب عيدان جبر https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Kandalanu, the ruler of Babylon (647-627 BC) between historical truth and political identityA study of existence and lineage
The intention of this study is to investigate the truth or lack thereof of the historical existence of the Babylonian ruler Kandalanu, as the events that took place during the second half of the seventh century BC were characterized by ambiguity, and this was evident in the emergence of this obscure historical figure who was known as. Studies that dealt with the history of Babylon during the reign of the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal (668-631 BC) differed on many issues related to this ruler Kandalanu, which sparked a wide controversy among researchers about his truth. One of the most prominent manifestations of this difference is the truth of his existence as an independent Babylonian ruler who took the throne after the end of the war between the brothers Ashurbanipal and his brother Shamas shum Ukin, or just a symbolic Babylonian name carried by the Assyrian king Kandalanu.
: Ashurbanipal- Kindlanu- Babylon- Ashur-Nippur- Shamsh-Sham-Ukun.
Copyright (c) 2026 hussien shaheed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0