Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L.) as a Comparative Study Between in vitro and in vivo Plants

Abstract

Artemisia absinthium is a wild edible species presence in Iraqi Kurdistan region the local people has used the plants as a part of their traditional medicine and their daily life. Nowadays, these plants become more attractive and interested due to their phytochemicals and antioxidant activities. Therefore,  This study sought to evaluate various phytochemicals of this plant's aerial section generated by micropropagation in-vitro  at tissue culture Laboratory of College of Agricultural Engineering science/University of Duhok, and with identical plants harvested from the field from Gali Ali Bak (invivo), including the difference in total phenolic compound and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity using DPPH test. The results showed that A. absinthium plants were rich with the high concentration of phenolic components in the Invivo plant extract was high (1.65 mg gallic acid equivalents/g of dry extract, eq.100g^-1), while it was lowest in the in-vitro plant extract (0.56 mg gallic acid). and (5.2 and 2.9 g of quercetin equivalents/g of dry extract, eq.100g^-1 ) for the Invivo and in-vitro plants, respectively, were the determined amounts of flavonoids extracted in the Invivo plant extract compared to the in-vitro plant extract. The anti-oxidative activity was tested by measuring their ability to scavenge stable 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, the results displayed that  the  different quantities of plant extract of Invivo and in-vitro ranged between (150-300 g/ml) concentrations had radical-scavenging activity as comparative with the positive control (ascorbic acid),however the best value was at 200 g/ml for Invivo(118) as compared with positive control (ascorbic acid) (80.8). Thus, the evidence of this study shown that Artemisia can enhance natural medicines for human being.