الكريطي جابر غازي, and الشيباني محمد نجم. “The Motives of Neighboring Makkah in the First Abbasid Era”. Kufa Journal of Arts 1, no. 32 (June 20, 2017): 219–246. Accessed July 13, 2026. https://journal.uokufa.edu.iq/index.php/kufa_arts/article/view/6047.