Analysis of the Ruling Regarding Those Who Undermine Social Security and Stability and Conspirators Against It

Based on Verses 60-61 of Surah Al-Ahzab (the Verses of Spreading Alarm)

Abstract

Submission date: 17/9/2025

Acceptance date: 7/11/2025

Publication date: 30/12/2025

Islamic jurisprudence has placed significant emphasis on combating matters that undermine religion and social order—such as spreading corruption (ifsād fī al-arḍ), waging war (muḥārabah), disseminating deviant literature (kutub al-ḍalāl), and similar acts—and has prescribed severe punishments for them. Among the issues that destabilize religion are conspiracy and subversion. Although the ruling concerning such acts is explicitly addressed in the verses of the Holy Quran, it has not been independently examined in jurisprudential discourses as one of the key manifestations of legal rulings pertaining to the social and governmental system.

In this research, conducted using an analytical-descriptive approach, the content of Quranic verses addressing this crime has been studied, and its thematic and legal dimensions (both obligatory and situational rulings) have been meticulously analyzed for the first time. The following conclusions have been reached: Any form of deliberate and intentional conspiracy or subversion (whether verbal or practical), whether organized or individual, that targets the security and stability of society and the Islamic government, and possesses the potential to cause unrest and weaken the foundations of Islamic governance, is considered an instance of "spreading alarm" (irjāf). Those who engage in such acts are classified as "alarm-mongers" (murjifūn). In addition to the religious prohibition (ḥurmah taklīfīyah) of such actions, the perpetrators are subject to the prescribed legal punishment (ḥadd sharʿī) stipulated in the Quranic verse.