Impact of Partial Replacement of Barium with Lanthanum on the Structural Properties of (PBCCO) System

Abstract

This search includes the technology of solid state reactions was used to explore the impact of various pressures on the structural characteristics of (PBCCO) system . Pallets were made under various pressures, measuring 1.5 cm in thickness and (about 0.15 cm) in diameter. The pallets were sintered at an even 800 degrees Celsius for a period of 48 hours  and a heating rate of (10°C / min)  The structure of the materials was examined using X-ray diffraction. As per the XRD charts, each sample exhibited orthorhombic structure  and we recorded the highest value of V_ph =0.86 , 0.88 when  concentrations (x=0.1,0.15) respectively . AFM (atomic force microscopy) was also used to examine the surfaces of these systems. Through it, the average diameter (nm), average roughness (Ra), and root mean square (Rg) were calculated. The results showed that the sample with the replacement ratio (0.05) had the lowest average diameter of (49.58).