CPE For Determination Pb +2, Cd +2, and Cu+2 Prior to Flame AAS Method in Different Types of Water in Basrah City Province

Abstract

A cloud point extraction (CPE) method was used as a pre-concentration strategy prior to the determination of trace levels of Cadmium, lead and copper in water samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) The pre-concentration is based on the clouding phenomena of non-ionic surfactant, triton X-114, with Cd (II) ,Pb(II),Cu(II)/ Ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbonate  (APDC)   complexes in which the latter is soluble in a micellar phase composed by the former. When the temperature increases above its cloud point, the Cd (II) Pb (II), Cu (II)/ Ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbonate (APDC) complexes are extracted into the surfactant-rich phase. The factors affecting the extraction efficiency including pH of the aqueous solution, concentration of the (APDC), amount of the surfactant, incubation temperature and time were investigated and optimized. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the (CPE)  method was successfully applied for the determination of trace levels of Cadmium, lead and copper in different types water samples in Basra city Province