Quota of components between the principle of equality and empowerment in the Iraqi and Lebanese applications

Abstract

the issue of the political participation of minorities in Iraq and their parliamentary representation has received relative attention. With the democratic transition in Iraq Since 2003and the spread of political awareness and the growth of a culture of citizenship and public and individual rights and freedoms, it was necessary to do justice to the members of these minorities and endeavors to overcome the obstacles that prevent them from exercising their civil and political rights. The issue of neglecting the parliamentary representation of minorities is a natural matter. The Iraqi Constitution of 2005 and Elections Law No. (9) of 2020 affirmed the allocation of a number of seats (quotas) representing the participation of minorities in the House of Representatives, given the essential importance of the political