Financial resources in Islamic jurisprudence and the modern state

Abstract

Abstract: Every government, regardless of its intellectual foundations, needs financing to achieve its goals. One of the important ways of financing is various taxes collected from citizens. The term “modern taxes” stands against “Islamic taxes.” In the modern government, the philosophy of taxation is considered to be the participation of all in providing public expenses. From this point of view, it is understood that tax is a cost that all members of the society pay for the administration of their society. According to some others, however, the philosophy of taxation is to create social justice. In this type of interpretation, taxes are collected from people with higher incomes to pay for people with lower incomes, in order to achieve social justice. In addition, tax has been considered as a type of social cost that the members of a nation are obliged to pay in order to use the facilities and resources of a country in order to provide the ability to replace these facilities and resources. Like modern governments, the Islamic state has duties such as establishing internal and external