Review of Analytical Techniques for the Analysis of Cephalosporins and Fluoroquinolones

Abstract

This review surveys cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones analytical methodologies in biological and environmental samples. Since both humans and animals have been using antibiotics carelessly, the amount of antibiotics in wastewater and animal products has increased. The presence of cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones, the most commonly used antibiotics, in aqueous matrices can result in treatment failure. For the sake of both human health and environmental protection, these levels must be established. To improve stability and evaluate the possible risk of impurity products, more details regarding the drug's structure and degradation are required. A more detailed knowledge of degradation processes is necessary to ensure the stability of prescription medications. The current study provides an overview of the behaviors, features, and analytical techniques utilized to identify cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. Data collection was done by searching scientific publications in the international literature. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection and precipitation or extraction cleanup procedures are the mainstays of cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones techniques for biological and environmental samples. Although high-performance liquid chromatography is used in the majority of the methods, ultraviolet, infrared spectroscopy, and spectrometry techniques have also been used. There was a discussion emphasizing the necessity of creating new ecological techniques that use less hazardous solvents, analyze data quickly, and reduce sample size.