The phenomenon of illegal migration and its legal and political dimensions (analytical study)

Abstract

The Middle East region is witnessing political, economic and security interactions of a conflictual nature between influential regional parties and parties from within countries, with repercussions at the global level. Since the occupation of Iraq in 2003, through the so-called (Arab Spring) in 2011, and up to the escalation of terrorist violence with the fall of Mosul in 2014, the general situation in the region has hardly emerged from one crisis before entering another more severe and higher in level. This reality has led to the emergence of the role of two regional powers (the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) and their entry into the arena of competition for influence, based on the intersection of intellectual and political trends of each of them, in addition to a past characterized by fear and lack of mutual trust. These two powers quickly rushed to exploit the political variables in the region to their advantage at the expense of the other party. After Iran achieved gains on the ground and succeeded in achieving the largest part of its foreign political goals, Saudi Arabia sought to intensify its involvement in the region’s issues in order to restore balance. It began to support some parties and punish others using economic and diplomatic tools, leading to military intervention in Yemen in March 2015. The researchers attempt to explore the extent of the change that occurred in Saudi foreign policy and its reflection on the future of its role in light of a heated conflict environment in which many of its files have not yet been resolved.