(Indirect evidence and its role in proving cybercrimes: an) analytical legal study in light of the jurisprudence of international courts

Abstract

Abstract: Many cases rely on indirect evidence before international courts, but the topic of indirect evidence has not been examined and analysed. Most legal studies have been subjected to this subject within the scope of national law. Crimes may be committed in the absence of direct evidence to establish the truth of the case, and this is particularly true of the nature of international trials; It is therefore difficult, if not impossible, to establish the truth of the alleged incident by relying solely on direct evidence; This highlights the role and necessity of indirect evidence, as well as its particular importance in the process of establishing international crimes in general, and cybercrime in particular; in the role played by indirect evidence in establishing such crimes -- cybercrime -- before international courts. .