Identification of Bacterial Isolates from Urine Samples of Patients with Ascending Pyelonephritis at Al-Sadder Teaching Hospital

Abstract

Background: Pyelonephritis is a sever type of upper urinary tract infection (UTI) that impact the renal parenchyma and pelvis. The common causative factor is migration of the bacterial infections from the lower urinary tract. Gram-negative bacteria are involved in higher incidences of infection in acute and chronic pyelonephritis cases than are Gram-positive bacteria. Therefore, the entire study was aimed at determining the type of bacterial pathogens responsible for causing the incidence of pyelonephritis. The urine samples were collected from patients clinically diagnosed to have pyelonephritis at Al-Sadder Teaching Hospital. Of the 60 cases, urine samples showing significant bacterial growth were taken and cultured using standard microbiological procedures. Identification of bacterial isolates was done by physical performance, biochemical tests, and the VitecK2 system. It was shown that Gram-negative bacteria, most commonly Escherichia coli (20.0%), cause pyelonephritis. Other Gram-negative bacteria include Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter cloacae. On the other side, Staphylococcus saprophyticus is the ultimate Gram-positive pathogen (11.7%), which is then followed by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Enterococcus faecalis, and finally Staphylococcus epidermidis. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that pyelonephritis can be caused by both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria; however, Gram-negative organisms, particularly E. coli, were found to be more prevalent than Gram-positive bacteria such as S. saprophyticus.