Selenium nanoparticles: A review of their plant-mediated synthesized and evaluation their biomedical applications

Abstract

        Nanotechnology holds great potential for a variety of biological applications. The chemical methods often require harsh conditions, expensive equipment, and produce toxic byproducts. Green synthesis using plant extracts provides a more eco-friendly, low-cost, and sustainable alternative that can achieve high yields. Various plant materials, including leaves, roots, tubers, fruits, peels, seeds, and herbs, have been successfully used for the green synthesis of Selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs). The phytochemicals present in these extracts, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and polyphenols, facilitate the reduction of selenium ions and stabilize the nanoparticles. The characteristics of the Se-NPs, such as size, shape, and stability, can be tuned by controlling the synthesis parameters and the choice of plant extract. The biogenic Se-NPs exhibit a range of beneficial properties that make them attractive for diverse biomedical applications. These include antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. The Se-NPs can also be used as drug carriers and for wound healing. Compared to chemically synthesized Se-NPs, the green-synthesized counterparts are more biocompatible and less toxic, making them safer for biomedical use. Overall, the green synthesis of Se-NPs using plant extracts combines the unique properties of selenium with the advantages of natural phytochemicals, offering a promising approach for developing safe and effective biomedical applications.