Anticancer Activity of Gold (III) Nanoparticles with New Azo Ligand: Synthesis, Characterization and Spectral Identification of Its Metallic Complexes derived from Histidine

Abstract

The new heterocyclic azo ligand, (E)-2-amino-3-(2-((2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoic acid, was synthesized by the reaction of histidine with 5-nitro-2-amino phenol. Various analytical methods, including mass spectrometry, ¹H-NMR, FT-IR, CHN elemental analysis, and UV-vis spectroscopy, facilitated the characterization of a recently developed azo ligand. This ligand served as the basis for synthesizing a set of coordination compounds with Ni(II), Cu(II), Co(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and Au(III) ions, which were subsequently examined using several of the same techniques. Measurements of magnetic susceptibility and molar conductivity were also conducted. The data from electronic spectra and magnetic properties indicate an “octahedral structure” for the entire compounds excluding Au(III) compound, which adopts a “square planar geometry.” All complexes exhibit non-electrolyte properties, with the exception of the Au(III) complex, which displays electrolyte properties. The behavior of the new azo ligand is a tridentate, according to the results overall. The complex Au(III) anticancer properties are very efficacious. The Au-complex destroys leukemia cells while not affecting healthy cells. This compound holds promise as a fresh therapeutic option for tackling leukemia cancer, with plans brewing to explore its impact on additional cancer varieties down the road.