Perceived barriers to the effective management of diabetes mellitus among the Wakhi people: A qualitative study

Abstract

Self-management is one of the effective strategies used to maintain glucose levels and prevent complications associated with diabetes. It is the diabetic's responsibility to manage their chronic condition. The management includes monitoring blood glucose levels, taking diabetic medication as prescribed, adhering to a diabetic diet plan, and focusing on physical activity to maintain a healthy blood glucose level. These practices are necessary for the self-management of the disease; however, patients cannot self-manage their disease due to various obstacles.

This qualitative exploratory study investigated the perceived barriers to diabetes management among the diabetic Wakhi population in District Hunza.

Sixteen participants were interviewed in-depth to gain insight into their perceptions of obstacles that impede diabetes mellitus self-management. Four major themes emerged from the analysis, including sociodemographic and cultural barriers, personal barriers, healthcare system-related barriers, and diet-related barriers. Each central theme had subsidiary themes. Diet-related obstacles, healthcare system issues, and social engagement in rural areas constituted the most significant barrier to the management of diabetes.

This study's findings may assist healthcare providers in educating their patients about self-management practices, designing and developing interventions to educate patients, and conducting awareness sessions involving dietitians to educate patients about culturally and socially appropriate diet plans. In addition, the study's identified barriers may guide relevant authorities toward patient-specific self-care interventions.