Evaluation of IGA And IGE In Atopic Dermatitis Paediatric Patients in Relation to the Type of Feeding

Abstract

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, recurrent inflammatory skin disorder associated with elevated serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and skin barrier dysfunction, influenced by genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. IgE is a central mediator in allergic inflammatory processes triggered by allergens. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the second most abundant serum immunoglobulin and the predominant antibody at mucosal surfaces, playing a crucial role in defending against pathogens and maintaining mucosal homeostasis. Objective: To investigate the relationship of serum IGA and IGE with the haematological parameters in AD patients and to assess how different types of feeding (exclusive breastfeeding versus formula feeding) influence their  immunological profiles. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 60 pediatric patients (aged 3 month –13 years) of both genders, divided into two groups: 30 exclusively breastfed and 30 bottle-fed children. Serum IgA and IgE levels were measured, and haematological parameters, including (neutrophil counts, HB, MPV, platelets count), were analysed. Results: Breastfed children had significantly higher serum IgA levels (median = 129 mg/dL, IQR = 71.8) compared to bottle-fed children (median = 86.4 mg/dL, IQR = 39.1; p = 0.0001). IgE levels showed no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.9). A significant positive correlation was identified between IgE levels and neutrophil count (r = 0.432, p = 0.017). Conclusion: Exclusive breastfeeding in early infancy is associated with higher serum IgA levels, supporting its protective role in mucosal immunity and its potential to reduce allergic sensitization. The positive correlation between IgE and neutrophil count highlights a possible link between allergic markers and innate immune activation.