Analysis of Some Demographic, Hematological, and Immunological Parameters among Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with Coronary Artery Disease in Iraq

Abstract

Background: Hepatitis B is a major global health problem. It is an infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus. The infection can be acute or chronic. Purpose: To assess and compare demographic, hematological, and immunological parameters among chronic hepatitis B patients and identify significant clinical patterns and associations. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 200 hepatitis B patients with coronary artery disease (117males, 83 females) was conducted at Al-Sader Teaching Hospital, Najaf, from November 1, 2023, to December 1, 2024. Serum Blood samples were analyzed for hematological and immunological parameters were measured using ELISA. Results: Among 200 patients, most were from Al-Najaf (75.5%). Unstable angina was most common (35.5%). Males showed higher hematological values than females, including lymphocytes ( p=0.008), RBC (p=0.003), PLT (p=0.006), HB (p<0.001), and WBCs (p=0.002). Diabetic patients had reduced lymphocytes, PLT, HB, and WBCs (all p<0.05) and elevated RBC (p<0.001). Caspase-3 and -9 were significantly higher in asthma, TB, and bronchial allergies compared to those without comorbidities (p<0.001). Smokers had higher caspase-3 (14.2±3.5 vs. 8.9±2.8, p=0.008) and caspase-9 (28.6±4.2 vs. 19.3±3.6, p<0.001) than non-smokers. Conclusion: Chronic hepatitis B in Iraqi patients with coronary artery disease predominantly manifests as unstable angina, with hematological and immunological changes, especially elevated apoptotic markers determined by sex, diabetes, blood group, comorbidities, and smoking. These findings underscore the importance of integrated monitoring and targeted management strategies in this population.