Biography of Imam Ali (PBUH) from his caliphate until his martyrdom in Orientalist thought - Donaldson as a model

Abstract

The British orientalist Dwight M. Donaldson (Dwight M. Donaldson), who wrote a serious study on the twelve imams (E) and the history of Shiism. His study, which he titled (the Shiite Religion), which was translated under the title The Shi’ite Creed, is one of the comprehensive early oriental studies of the life and biography of the twelve imams (E) and a study in geography of their shrines in the first half of the twentieth century.