HIGH VOLUME BRICK POWDER CONCRETE SYNERGISTIC WITH METAKAOLIN: PHYSICOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND DRYING SHRINKAGE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30572/2018/KJE/160113Keywords:
Waste brick powder, Metakaolin, Mechanical properties, Drying shrinkage, SustainabilityAbstract
Currently, sustainability of the construction and building industry taken a priority. This study investigates the feasibility of using a high volume (up to 50%) of blended waste brick powder (BP) and metakaolin (MK) as ordinary Portland cement (OPC) replacements. The binder of the control mixture was a blend of 50% OPC and 50% BP, while the other two mixes were prepared by substituting 10% and 20% of BP with MK. The characteristics of fresh concrete were assessed depending on measuring the mixture temperature, the fresh density, and the workability. The bulk density, and the mechanical properties were investigated and tested at 7 and 28 days. In the line of durability parameters, the void content and drying shrinkage up to 90 days of all mixtures were evaluated. The findings have demonstrated that the control mixture achieved high workability (slump =180 mm), structural compressive strength (34 MPa) at 28 days, low void content (<3%), and acceptable shrinkage strain. The workability of the mixes containing 10%MK:40%BP and 20%MK:30%BP has slightly decreased, while the mechanical properties were increased and the drying shrinkage were declined. However, the inclusion of This study highlighted an ecological technique toward waste management of construction materials and confirmed the possibility of including a high volume of BP as a cementitious material to synthesize more sustainable concrete.
Downloads
References
Arif, R., Khitab, A., Kırgız, M. S., Khan, R. B. N., Tayyab, S., Khan, R. A., Anwar, W., & Arshad, M. T. (2021) Experimental analysis on partial replacement of cement with brick powder in concrete. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 15, e00749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2021.e00749 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2021.e00749
ASTM C 157/C157M-03, Standard Test Method for Length Change of Hardened Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete‖, American Society for Testing and Materials, 2003.
ASTM C1064/C1064M-17: Standard Test Method for Temperature of Freshly Mixed Hydraulic-Cement Concrete. ASTM International, West Conshohocken (2017)
ASTM C138 / C138M-17a, Standard Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2017.
ASTM C143 / C143M-12, Standard Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement Concrete, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, (2012).
ASTM C496 / C496M-17, Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2017.
ASTM C618-17a: Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete. ASTM International, West Conshohocken (2017)
ASTM C642-13, Standard Test Method for Density, Absorption, and Voids in Hardened Concrete, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2013.
ASTM C78-09, Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading), ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2017
Bayraktar, O. Y., Saglam-Citoglu, G., Belgin, C. M., Cetin, S., & Cetin, M. (2019). Investigation of effect of brick dust and silica fume on the properties of portland cement mortar. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 28(11), 7823-7832.
British standard, BS EN 12350-5: 2009, Testing fresh concrete: Part 5 Flow table test.
BS 1881: Part 116, Testing Concrete. Method for Determination of Compressive Strength of Concrete Cubes, British Standard Institution. 1983.
El-Din, H. K. S., Eisa, A. S., Aziz, B. H. A., & Ibrahim, A. (2017). Mechanical performance of high strength concrete made from high volume of Metakaolin and hybrid fibers. Construction and Building Materials, 140, 203-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.02.118 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.02.118
Frieh, K. J., Abbas, W. A., & Hamid, M. M. (2014). Some Properties of Concrete Containing High Fraction Volume of Metakaolin. Engineering and Technology Journal, 32(1A), 230-248. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.32.1A.17
Helmy SH, Tahwia AM, Mahdy MG, et al (2023) The Use of Recycled Tire Rubber, Crushed Glass, and Crushed Clay Brick in Lightweight Concrete Production: A Review. Sustainability 15:10060. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151310060 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su151310060
Iraqi Specification, IQ.S 45/1984: Aggregate from Natural Sources for Concrete. Central Organization for Standardization and Quality Control, Baghdad (1984)
Iraqi Specification, IQ.S No.5/ 2019: Portland cement. Ministry of Planning, Central Organization for Standardization and Quality Control.
Islam MdN, Noaman MdA, Islam KS, Hanif MA (2024) Mechanical properties and microstructure of brick aggregate concrete with raw fly ash as a partial replacement of cement. Heliyon 10:e28904. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28904 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28904
Khalil W, Al-Daebal T (2018) ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF SUSTAINABLE SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE WITH CLAY BRICKS WASTE AGGREGATE. Kufa Journal of Engineering 9:223–237. https://doi.org/10.30572/2018/kje/090315 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30572/2018/KJE/090315
Ma, Z., Tang, Q., Wu, H., Xu, J., & Liang, C. (2020) Mechanical properties and water absorption of cement composites with various fineness and contents of waste brick powder from C&D waste. Cement and Concrete Composites, 114, 103758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2020.103758 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2020.103758
Mane KM, Kulkarni DK, Prakash KB (2019) Performance of various pozzolanic materials on the properties of concrete made by partially replacing natural sand by manufactured sand. Journal of Building Pathology and Rehabilitation 4:22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41024-019-0061-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41024-019-0061-9
Mansoor SS, Hama SM, Hamdullah DN (2022) Effectiveness of replacing cement partially with waste brick powder in mortar. Journal of King Saud University - Engineering Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksues.2022.01.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksues.2022.01.004
Mao, X., Qu, W., & Zhu, P. (2019) Mixture Optimization of Green Reactive Powder Concrete with Recycled Powder. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 31(5). https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0002663 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002663
Moslah Salman, M., & Zohair Yousif, M. (2018) The effect of waste brick powder as cement weight replacement on properties of sustainable concrete. Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development, 22(02), 116–130. https://doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.2018.2.88 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.2018.2.88
Mousavinejad SHG, Saradar A, Jabbari M, Moein MM (2023) Evaluation of fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete containing different percentages of waste tiles. Journal of Building Pathology and Rehabilitation 8:81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41024-023-00329-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41024-023-00329-8
Newman, J., & Choo, B. S. (Eds.). (2003). Advanced concrete technology 3: Constituent Materials. Butterworth-Heinemann, An imprint of Elsevier, Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP 200 Wheeler Road, Burlington MA 01803.
Ramezanianpour, A. A. (2014). Cement replacement materials. Springer geochemistry/mineralogy, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-36721-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36721-2
Rumiński, P., Szeląg, M., & Matos, P. D. (2022) Evaluating the Feasibility of Using Brick Powder and Clay Powder in Cement Replacement. Materials, 15(22), 8127. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15228127 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15228127
Shah, M. U., Usman, M., Hanif, M. U., Naseem, I., & Farooq, S. (2021) Utilization of Solid Waste from Brick Industry and Hydrated Lime in Self-Compacting Cement Pastes. Materials, 14(5), 1109. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14051109 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14051109
Shamsa, Mohammed, Basil Al-Shathr, and Tareq Al-Attar. (2021) “Effect Of Pozoolanic Materials on Compressive Strength of Geopolymer Concrete”. Kufa Journal of Engineering 9 (3). Kufa, Najaf, IRAQ:26-36. https://doi.org/10.30572/2018/KJE/090303. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30572/2018/KJE/090303
Siddique, R., & Khan, M. I. (2011). Supplementary cementing materials. Springer Science & Business Media. DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-17866-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17866-5
Sinkhonde, D., & Mashava, D. (2022) Analysis of milling treatments of waste clay bricks effect on density and compressive strength of cement paste. Results in Materials, 16, 100346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinma.2022.100346 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinma.2022.100346
Sinkhonde, D., Onchiri, R. O., Oyawa, W. O., & Mwero, J. N. (2021) Effect of Waste Clay Brick Powder on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cement Paste. The Open Civil Engineering Journal, 15(1), 370–380. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874149502115010370 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/1874149502115010370
Skinner B (2023) Concrete: 8% of global emissions and rising. Which innovations can achieve net zero by 2050? - Energy Post. In: Energy Post. https://energypost.eu/concrete-8-of-global-emissions-and-rising-which-innovations-can-achieve-net-zero-by-2050/
Spelman, D., & Lee, Y. S. (2022). Sustainability of concrete as a civil engineering material. Engineering Journal, 26(7), 69-81. https://engj.org/DOI:10.4186/ej.2022.26.7.69 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2022.26.7.69
Tang, Q., Ma, Z., Wu, H., & Wang, W. (2020) The utilization of eco-friendly recycled powder from concrete and brick waste in new concrete: A critical review. Cement and Concrete Composites, 114, 103807. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2020.103807 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2020.103807
Tarrad AT, Abbas ZK (2023) Investigation of the Ability of Producing Eco-Friendly Roller Compacted Concrete Using Waste Material. Journal of Ecological Engineering 24:277–289. https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/170708 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/170708
United Nations Environment Programme (2022). Emissions Gap Report 2022: The Closing Window — Climate crisis calls for rapid transformation of societies. Nairobi. https://www.unep.org/emissions-gap-report-2022
Wang H, Wang L, Qian X, et al (2022) Hydration, Compressive Strength and Durability of Eco-friendly Cement Mortars Containing Recycled Brick Powder and Metakaolin. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 26:4023–4037. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-022-0035-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-022-0035-3
Wolde HT, Verma A, Kizhakkumodom Venkatanarayanan H (2023) Influence of using crushed brick powders as a fine filler substitute in the development of self-compacting concretes. Sādhanā 48:252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12046-023-02278-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12046-023-02278-x
Wong CL, Mo KH, Yap SP, et al (2018) Potential use of brick waste as alternate concrete-making materials: A review. Journal of Cleaner Production 195:226–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.05.193 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.05.193
Xue, C., Qiao, H., Cao, H., Feng, Q., & Li, Q. (2021) Analysis on the Strength of Cement Mortar Mixed with Construction Waste Brick Powder. Advances in Civil Engineering, 2021, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8871280 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8871280
Yaseen MH, Hashim SFS, Dawood ET, Johari MAM (2024) Mechanical properties and microstructure of roller compacted concrete incorporating brick powder, glass powder, and steel slag. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials 33:. https://doi.org/10.1515/jmbm-2022-0307 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/jmbm-2022-0307
Zhao Y, Lu X, Liu X, Liu M (2024) Effect of reed straw on the performance of recycled brick aggregate concrete and evaluation of economic benefits. Construction and Building Materials 411:134205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.134205 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.134205
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Mahmood Fawzi Ahmed
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
