MICROWAVE PHOTONIC FILTERS BASED ON STIMULATED BRILLOUIN SCATTERING: A REVIEW

Authors

  • zainab ALZaidi M.Sc. Student at Dep. of Electrical Eng., Faculty of Eng., University of Kufa, Iraq https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8410-1073
  • Adnan Sabbar Assist. Prof. at Dep. of Electrical Eng., Faculty of Eng., University of Kufa, Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30572/2018/KJE/160313

Keywords:

Microwave photonics, Microwave photonics filter, Ultra-narrow bandwidth large tuning range, Photonic technologies, Stimulated Brillouin scattering

Abstract

Microwave photonic filters (MPFs) based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) and their applications in various microwave systems are extensively reviewed. This work summarizes the state of the art, emphasizing new methods, experimental proofs, and optimized passband properties of SBS-based MPFs. Important topics include frequency-tuning-range-extended MPFs, switchable MPFs, high-selectivity rectangular filters, and bandwidth-reconfigurable MPFs, addressing significant issues in traditional filters. Photonic technology in microwave photonics (MWP) enables processing of broadband, high-frequency microwave signals with excellent selectivity, stability, and adjustable passband properties. Applications span optical wireless communication, optical signal processing, radio over fiber (RoF) systems, satellite communications, optical sensors, and instrumentation. This review offers valuable insights into the advancements and potential impact of SBS-based MPFs in microwave systems

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

  • zainab ALZaidi, M.Sc. Student at Dep. of Electrical Eng., Faculty of Eng., University of Kufa, Iraq

    Zainab AL-Zaidi is an engineer working in the field of electrical engineering. She obtained a bachelor’s degree from the University of Kufa / College of Engineering / Department of Electrical Engineering in 2008. Currently, she is a graduate student (Master's) at the University of Kufa / College of Engineering / Department of Electrical Engineering. Her research interests lie in optical communications and photonics.

References

AL-Zaidi, Z. and Sabbar, A. (2024) ‘Tunable microwave photonic filters based on stimulated Brillouin scattering for radio over fiber applications’, Journal of Optics [Preprint]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-024-02245-7.

Ali, M., Haxha, S. and Flint, I. (2022) ‘Tuneable Microwave Photonics Filter Based on Stimulated Brillouin Scattering with Enhanced Gain and Bandwidth Control’, Journal of Lightwave Technology, 40(2), pp. 423–431. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2021.3118315.

Alrubei, M.A.T. and Dmitrievich, P.A. (2023) ‘AN APPROACH FOR SINGLE-TONE FREQUENCY ESTIMATION USING DFT INTERPOLATION WITH PARZEN WINDOWING’, Kufa Journal of Engineering, 14(3), pp. 93–104.

Aryanfar, I. et al. (2016) ‘Reconfigurable microwave bandstop filter based on stimulated Brillouin scattering in a photonic chip’, Optics InfoBase Conference Papers, 1(I), pp. 1–2.

Bao, X. and Chen, L. (2012) ‘Recent progress in distributed fiber optic sensors’, sensors, 12(7), pp. 8601–8639.

Borges, R.M., Muniz, A.L.M. and Sodre Junior, A.C. (2017) ‘Development and performance analysis of a photonics-assisted RF converter for 5G applications’, Fiber and Integrated Optics, 36(1–2), pp. 25–37.

Boyd, R.W. (2007) ‘Nonlinear optics third ed’. Academic Press.

Brignon, A. and Huignard, J.-P. (2004) ‘Phase conjugate laser optics’.

Brilliant, N.A. (2002) ‘Stimulated Brillouin scattering in a dual-clad fiber amplifier’, JOSA B, 19(11), pp. 2551–2557.

Capmany, J., Ortega, B., et al. (2005) ‘Discrete-time optical processing of microwave signals’, Journal of Lightwave Technology, 23(2), pp. 702–723.

Capmany, J., Member, S., et al. (2005) ‘Discrete-Time Optical Processing of Microwave Signals’, Journal of Lightwave Technology, pp. 702–723.

Capmany, J. and Novak, D. (2007) ‘Microwave photonics combines two worlds’, Nature Photonics, 1(6), pp. 319–330. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2007.89.

Casas-Bedoya, A. et al. (2015) ‘Tunable narrowband microwave photonic filter created by stimulated Brillouin scattering from a silicon nanowire’, Optics Letters, 40(17), p. 4154. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1364/ol.40.004154.

Choudhary, A. et al. (2016) ‘Reconfigurable and frequency-agile on-chip microwave photonic bandpass and bandstop filters using stimulated Brillouin scattering’, Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications X, 9958, p. 99580E. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2235672.

Feng, C., Preussler, S. and Schneider, T. (2017) ‘Transparent Microwave Photonic Filter Based on Brillouin Losses in Optical Fiber’, JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, X(X), pp. 1–4. Available at: http://arxiv.org/abs/1709.07055.

Feng, C., Preussler, S. and Schneider, T. (2018) ‘The influence of dispersion on stimulated-brillouin-scattering-based microwave photonic notch filters’, Journal of Lightwave Technology, 36(22), pp. 5145–5151. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2018.2871037.

Fisher, R.A. (2012) Optical phase conjugation. Academic press.

Garrett, M. et al. (2023) ‘Integrated microwave photonic notch fi lter using a heterogeneously integrated Brillouin and active-silicon photonic circuit’, Nature Communications, pp. 1–9. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-43404-x.

Gertler, S. et al. (2022) ‘Narrowband microwave-photonic notch filters using Brillouin-based signal transduction in silicon’, Nature Communications, 13(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29590-0.

Girish, K. et al. (2023) ‘Low-Power, Reconfigurable Brillouin RF Photonic Bandstop Filters’, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 35(6), pp. 305–308. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2023.3241322.

Gong, J. et al. (2021) ‘Bandwidth-reconfigurable microwave photonic filter based on stimulated Brillouin scattering effect spreading by vector modulation technology’, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 63(12), pp. 2985–2990. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.33015.

Gong, J. wen et al. (2019) ‘Bandwidth-reconfigurable single-passband microwave photonic filter based on stimulated Brillouin scattering’, Optoelectronics Letters, 15(1), pp. 11–15. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11801-019-8115-4.

Gu, J. et al. (2019) ‘Polarization dependence of stimulated Brillouin scattering-based switchable microwave photonic filter’, Optica Applicata, 49(1), pp. 5–11. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5277/oa190101.

Guo, Y. et al. (2016) ‘Distortion analysis of a stimulated Brillouin scattering-based microwave photonic bandpass filter’, 2015 International Conference on Optoelectronics and Microelectronics, ICOM 2015, pp. 142–147. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICoOM.2015.7398791.

H. Tang et al. (2019) ‘Flat-top microwave photonic bandpass filter with tunable bandwidth based on SBS and FWM’, IEEE, 2, pp. 5–7.

Hameed, A. (2019) ‘Rayleigh fading-shadowing of outdoor channels analysis based on SNR-PDF model’, Kufa Journal of Engineering, 10(2), pp. 114–125.

Hon, D.T. (1982) ‘Applications of wavefront reversal by stimulated Brillouin scattering’, Optical Engineering, 21(2), pp. 252–256.

Hou, J. et al. (2023) ‘Ultra-Narrow Bandwidth Microwave Photonic Filter Implemented by Single Longitudinal Mode Parity Time Symmetry Brillouin Fiber Laser’, Micromachines, 14(7). Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14071322.

Hu, S. et al. (2017) ‘Tunable dual-passband microwave photonic filter based on stimulated Brillouin scattering’, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 29(3), pp. 330–333. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2017.2647968.

Jiang, F. et al. (2013) ‘An optically tunable wideband optoelectronic oscillator based on a bandpass microwave photonic filter’, Optics express, 21(14), pp. 16381–16389.

Jiang, H. et al. (2016) ‘Wide-range, high-precision multiple microwave frequency measurement using a chip-based photonic Brillouin filter’, Optica, 3(1), p. 30. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.3.000030.

Kovalev, V.I. and Harrison, R.G. (2006) ‘Suppression of stimulated Brillouin scattering in high-power single-frequency fiber amplifiers’, Optics letters, 31(2), pp. 161–163.

Lee, H. and Agrawal, G.P. (2003) ‘Suppression of stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fibers using fiber Bragg gratings’, Optics Express, 11(25), pp. 3467–3472.

Li, J. qi et al. (2016) ‘Dual-band bandpass tunable microwave photonic filter based on stimulated Brillouin scattering’, Optoelectronics Letters, 12(4), pp. 276–279. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11801-016-6109-z.

Li, M. and Zhu, N. (2016) ‘Recent advances in microwave photonics’, Frontiers of Optoelectronics, pp. 160–185. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-016-0633-0.

Liao, S. et al. (2014) ‘Integrated programmable photonic filter on the silicon-on-insulator platform’, Optics Express, 22(26), pp. 31993–31998.

Lilin Yi, Wei Wei, Y.J. and W.H. (2015) ‘Ideal Rectangular Microwave Photonic Filter With High Selectivity Based on Stimulated Brillouin Scattering’, OSA, pp. 6–8.

Liu, L. et al. (2015) ‘Photonic measurement of microwave frequency using a silicon microdisk resonator’, Optics Communications, 335, pp. 266–270.

Mahendra, A. et al. (2018) ‘High link performance of Brillouin-loss based microwave bandpass photonic filters’, OSA Continuum, 1(4), p. 1287. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1364/osac.1.001287.

Marpaung, D. et al. (2015) ‘Low-power, chip-based stimulated Brillouin scattering microwave photonic filter with ultrahigh selectivity’, Optica, 2(2), p. 76. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.2.000076.

Marpaung, D., Yao, J. and Capmany, J. (2019) ‘Integrated microwave photonics’, Nature photonics, 13(2), pp. 80–90.

Omatsu, T. et al. (2012) ‘The current trends in SBS and phase conjugation’, Laser and Particle Beams, 30(1), pp. 117–174.

Parihar, R. et al. (2024) ‘100 dB Microwave Photonic Filter for Communications and RF Sensing Applications’, Journal of Lightwave Technology [Preprint].

Perkins, L.J. et al. (2009) ‘Shock ignition: A new approach to high gain inertial confinement fusion on the national ignition facility’, Physical review letters, 103(4), p. 45004.

Preussler, S. et al. (2016) ‘Microwave-photonic filters’, GeMiC 2016 - 2016 German Microwave Conference, pp. 61–64. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1109/GEMIC.2016.7461556.

Raj, P. et al. (2022) ‘Energy-efficient bandwidth enhancement of Brillouin microwave photonic bandpass filters’, Optics InfoBase Conference Papers, 30(17), pp. 30739–30749. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1364/fio.2022.fm4d.3.

Samaniego, D. and Vidal, B. (2016) ‘Photonic Microwave Filter with Steep Skirt Selectivity Based on Stimulated Brillouin Scattering’, IEEE Photonics Journal, 8(6), pp. 1–7. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2016.2634782.

Samaniego, D. and Vidal, B. (2019) ‘Brillouin Microwave Filter with Enhanced Skirt Selectivity Using a Birefringent Fiber’, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 31(6), pp. 431–434. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2019.2897398.

Schmitt, A.J. et al. (2010) ‘Shock ignition target design for inertial fusion energy’, Physics of Plasmas, 17(4).

Seeds, A.J. and Williams, K.J. (2006) ‘Microwave photonics’, Journal of Lightwave Technology, 24(12), pp. 4628–4641. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2006.885787.

Shi, M. et al. (2017) ‘Microwave photonic filter with variable selectivity and shape by SBS and dispersion-induced phase mismatching’, 2017 Opto-Electronics and Communications Conference, OECC 2017 and Photonics Global Conference, PGC 2017, 2017–Novem, pp. 1–3. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1109/OECC.2017.8114828.

Shimizu, K. et al. (1993) ‘Coherent self-heterodyne detection of spontaneously Brillouin-scattered light waves in a single-mode fiber’, Optics letters, 18(3), pp. 185–187.

Smith, R.G. (1972) ‘Optical power handling capacity of low loss optical fibers as determined by stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering’, Applied optics, 11(11), pp. 2489–2494.

Tang, H. et al. (2017) ‘Analysis of performance optimization for a microwave photonic filter based on stimulated brillouin scattering’, Journal of Lightwave Technology, 35(20), pp. 4375–4383. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2017.2740948.

Varun, M.K. and Pant, R. (2022) ‘Mitigation of Dispersion Induced Impairments in Brillouin-based Microwave Photonic Bandpass Filter’, TechRxiv, pp. 0–7. Available at: https://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.21780236.v1.

Wang, S. et al. (2007) ‘Investigation of serial coherent laser beam combination based on Brillouin amplification’, Laser and Particle Beams, 25(1), pp. 79–83.

Wang, W.T. et al. (2014) ‘Widely tunable single bandpass microwave photonic filter based on Brillouin-assisted optical carrier recovery’, Optics Express, 22(24), p. 29304. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.22.029304.

Wang, W.T. et al. (2015) ‘Microwave photonic filter with complex coefficient based on optical carrier phase shift utilizing two stimulated brillouin scattering pumps’, IEEE Photonics Journal, 7(1), pp. 1–8. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2015.2390150.

Wang, Y.L. et al. (2009) ‘Investigation on efficiency of non-collinear serial laser beam combination based on Brillouin amplification’, Laser and Particle Beams, 27(4), pp. 651–655.

Waterhouse, R. and Novack, D. (2015) ‘Realizing 5G: Microwave photonics for 5g mobile wireless systems’, IEEE Microwave Magazine, pp. 84–92. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1109/MMM.2015.2441593.

Wei, W. et al. (2017) ‘Arbitrary-shaped Brillouin microwave photonic filter by manipulating a directly modulated pump’, Optics Letters, 42(20), p. 4083. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1364/ol.42.004083.

Wen, H.S. et al. (2018) ‘Ultrahigh-Q and tunable single-passband microwave photonic filter based on stimulated Brillouin scattering and a fiber ring resonator’, Optics Letters, 43(19), p. 4659. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1364/ol.43.004659.

Xiao, Y. et al. (2015) ‘Bandwidth reconfigurable microwave photonic filter based on stimulated Brillouin scattering’, Optical Fiber Technology, 21, pp. 187–192. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2014.11.002.

Xie, Y. et al. (2019) ‘System-Level Performance of Chip-Based Brillouin Microwave Photonic Bandpass Filters’, Journal of Lightwave Technology, 37(20), pp. 5246–5258. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2019.2931077.

Xu, E. et al. (2022) ‘Brillouin-assisted frequency-tuning-range-extended and passband-selected microwave photonic filter based on DPol-DPMZM’, Journal of Modern Optics, 69(1), pp. 34–40. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/09500340.2021.1993365.

Xu, X. et al. (2023) ‘Ultra-narrow bandwidth and large tuning range single-passband microwave photonic filter based on Brillouin fiber laser’, Optics and Laser Technology, 157. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2022.108735.

Yan, J. et al. (2019) ‘Widely tunable single bandpass microwave photonic filter based on dual-fiber stimulated Brillouin scattering’, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 61(4), pp. 954–958. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.31655.

Yao, J. (2009) ‘Microwave photonics’, Journal of lightwave technology, 27(3), pp. 314–335.

Yao, J. (2022) ‘Microwave photonic systems’, Journal of Lightwave Technology, 40(20), pp. 6595–6607.

Yi, L. et al. (2016) ‘Polarization-Independent Rectangular Microwave Photonic Filter Based on Stimulated Brillouin Scattering’, Journal of Lightwave Technology, 34(2), pp. 669–675. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2015.2475297.

You, Y. et al. (2024) ‘Flexible tunable microwave photonic filter with a dual ultra-narrow passband based on a dual-wavelength Brillouin laser’, Optics Express, 32(19), pp. 33904–33916.

Yu, Y. et al. (2010) ‘Switchable microwave photonic filter between high Q bandpass filter and notch filter with flat passband based on phase modulation’, Optics Express, 18(24), p. 25271. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.18.025271.

Zeng, Z. et al. (2019) ‘Freely Tunable Dual-Passband Microwave Photonic Filter Based on Phase-to-Intensity Modulation Conversion by Stimulated Brillouin Scattering’, IEEE Photonics Journal, 11(1), pp. 1–9. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2019.2897593.

Zhang, K. et al. (2017) ‘High-input dynamic range and selectivity stimulated Brillouin scattering-based microwave photonic filter utilizing a dual-stage scheme’, Optics Letters, 42(17), p. 3287. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1364/ol.42.003287.

Zhang, Q. et al. (2018) ‘Reconfigurable and switchable microwave photonic filter based on stimulated Brillouin scattering’, Optical Engineering, 57(5), p. 1. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.57.5.055102.

Zhang, Q. et al. (2022) ‘Stimulated Brillouin Scattering-Based Microwave Photonic Filter with a Narrow and High Selective Passband’, IEEE Photonics Journal, 14(4), pp. 1–7. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2022.3184761.

Zhang, R. et al. (2024) ‘Tunable Microwave Photonic Filter with Ultra-Narrow Passband and High Out-of-Band Rejection’, Journal of Lightwave Technology [Preprint].

Downloads

Published

2025-07-31

How to Cite

ALZaidi, zainab, and Adnan Sabbar. “MICROWAVE PHOTONIC FILTERS BASED ON STIMULATED BRILLOUIN SCATTERING: A REVIEW”. Kufa Journal of Engineering, vol. 16, no. 3, July 2025, pp. 199-50, https://doi.org/10.30572/2018/KJE/160313.

Share