Hybrid MIMO Patch Antenna Design for Enhanced Performance in 600 MHz–1 GHz Sub-6 GHz 5G Applications

Nabil Abdulwahab Abdulrazaq  Baban

doi:10.30572/2018/KJE/170123

Authors

Nabil Abdulwahab Abdulrazaq Baban PhD in Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering Techniques Department, Al-Nukhba University College

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30572/2018/KJE/170123

Keywords:

Hybrid MIMO, Patch Antenna, Sub-6 GHz, 5G, Mutual Coupling, Bandwidth Enhancement, Polarization Diversity, Electromagnetic Bandgap

Abstract

The urgent deployment of fifth-generation (5G) communication networks necessitates wideband operation, high-gain, and stable multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) performance antennas, especially in the sub-6 GHz frequency band. In this paper, a compact hybrid MIMO patch antenna is presented that is optimized for the 600 MHz to 1 GHz frequency band with the goal of breaking through significant drawbacks of conventional antenna designs such as narrow bandwidth, high mutual coupling, and inadequate polarization diversity. The proposed antenna integrates electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures, defected ground planes (DGS), and metamaterial radiators to enhance isolation while maintaining a low-profile configuration. Through comprehensive full-wave simulations and experimental validation, the antenna achieves a bandwidth exceeding 200 MHz, a gain of 12 dB, and total efficiency of 90%, with an envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) below 0.02 and mutual coupling reduced to -22 dB. These results demonstrate significant improvements over conventional designs, which typically offer only 80 MHz bandwidth, 6 dB gain, 70% efficiency, and -10 dB mutual coupling. The experimental measurements align closely with simulation outcomes, confirming the antenna's robustness and practical applicability. Comparative analysis with published data highlights the superior performance of the proposed design in terms of bandwidth, isolation, and polarization diversity, making it a promising solution for next-generation sub-6 GHz 5G networks. This study advances the development of compact, high-efficiency MIMO antennas by effectively mitigating mutual coupling and maximizing spatial diversity, thereby ensuring reliable wireless connectivity in future 5G systems

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abbas, A., Hussain, N., Jeong, M. J., Park, J., Shin, K. S., Kim, T. and Kim, N. (2020) 'A rectangular notch-band UWB antenna with controllable notched bandwidth and center frequency', Sensors, 20(3), 777. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20030777.

Abubakar, H. S., Zhao, Z., Kiani, S. H., Rafique, U., Alabdulkreem, E. and Elmannai, H. (2024) 'Eight element dual-band MIMO array antenna for modern fifth generation mobile phones', AEU-International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 175, 155083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2023.155083

Ahmad, A., Choi, D. Y. and Ullah, S. (2022) 'A compact two elements MIMO antenna for 5G communication', Scientific Reports, 12(1), 3608.https://doi.org/ 10.1038/s41598-022-07579-5.

Ayush, P., Rashm, T. and Srivastava, T. (2022) '2x2 X-Band Microstrip Patch Array Antenna for Radar Application', GSJ. 10(4), 2320-9186. https://globalscientificjournal.com/researchpaper/2x2_X_Band_Microstrip_Patch_Array_Antenna_for_Radar_Application.pdf.

Borel, T. T. S. and Priyadarshini, R. (2023) 'Design and Simulation of a Hexagonal High-Gain MIMO Patch Antenna For 5G Applications', International Journal, 10(5), 769-778. DOI:10.15379/ijmst. v10i5.3518.

Chinnathampy, S., Marzla, A., Priya, D. and Sneha, V. (2023) 'Design of MIMO Microstrip Patch Antenna for 5G Applications', Research Square Journal. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2946836/v1.

Chouhan, S., Malviya, L. and Panda, D. K. (2024) 'Mathematically inspired MIMO antenna with enhanced isolation for wireless applications', International Journal of Communication Systems, 37(7), e5730. https//: doi.10.1002/dac.5730.

Dipjyoti, N., Ankit, D. and Sachin, S. (2024) 'Application of Machine Learning and Deep Learning in Finite Element Analysis: A Comprehensive Review', Springer Journal. 31, 2945–2984, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11831-024-10063-0.

Janarthanan, S. (2024) 'Advanced Miniaturized Microstrip Patch Antenna Design for High-Efficiency 5G Applications', Measurement Science Review, 24(6), 239-243. https://doi.org/10.2478/msr-2024-0032

Kiran, T., Mounisha, N., Mythily, C., Akhil, D. and Kumar, T. P. (2018) 'Design of microstrip patch antenna for 5G applications', IOSR J. Electron. Commun. Eng. (IOSR-JECE), 13(1), 14-17. https://doi.org/10.9790/2834-1301011417.

Kumar, K. V., Shravani, V., Spoorthi, G., Udith, K. S., Divya, T. M. and Muniswamy, V. (2023) 'Design, Modeling and Analysis of 2× 2 Microstrp Patch Antenna Array System for 5G Applications', In 2023 4th International Conference for Emerging Technology (INCET), 1-5, IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/INCET57972.2023.10170308.

Li, R., Qu, L. and Kim, H. (2024) 'A Compact MIMO Antenna Design Using the Wideband Ground-Radiation Technique for 5G Terminals', Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science, 24(1), 89-97. https://doi.org/10.26866/jees.2024.1.r.208.

Mahmoud, K. R. and Montaser, A. M. (2022) 'Design of Mult resonance flexible antenna array applicator for breast cancer hyperthermia treatment', IEEE Access, 10, 93338-93352. DOI:10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3203431.

Padmasree, R., Duddela, J. R. and Gogula, V. (2024) 'Designing a Dual band 4X4 MIMO Antenna for Optimized Performance in 5G Mobile Devices', International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications. 14(4), 57-66. https://doi.org/10.9790/9622-14045766.

Palandöken, M., Belen, A., Tari, O., Mahouti, P., Mahouti, T. and Belen, M. A. (2024) 'Computationally Efficient Design Optimization of Multiband Antenna Using Deep Learning–Based Surrogate Models', International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer‐Aided Engineering, 2024(1), 5442768. https://doi.org/10.1155/mmce/5442768.

Pandey, A. K. and Singh, M. P. (2024). Antenna Optimization using Machine Learning Algorithms and their Applications: A Review. Journal of Engineering Science & Technology Review, 17(2). https://doi.org/10.25103/jestr.172.14.

Raj, T., Mishra, R., Kumar, P. and Kapoor, A. (2023) 'Advances in MIMO antenna design for 5G: A comprehensive review', Sensors, 23(14), 6329. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146329.

Rajebi, S., Pedrammehr, S., Al-Abdullah, K. I. A. L., Asadi, H. and Lim, C. P. (2024) 'An optimized microstrip antenna to generate intense localized heating at target sites for maximum effect', Discover Applied Sciences, 6(5), 235. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-024-05905-2.

Salehi, M. and Oraizi, H. (2024) 'Wideband high gain meta surface-based 4T4R MIMO antenna with highly isolated ports for sub-6 GHz 5G applications', Scientific Reports, 14(1), 14448. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-65135-9.

Sandeep, K., Sharma, N. and Narwade, N. (2024) 'Design of Slotted Patch MIMO Antenna and Investigation of Antenna Parameters for Sub-6 5G Network', International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Scope (IRJMS), 5(3):514-523. https://doi.org/ 10.47857/irjms. 2024.v05i03.0994.

Sharmila, A. R., Singh, A. K. and Bhushan, S. (2025) 'Design and Study of Single Array and 2 x 2 Array Patch Array Antenna', In Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Machine Learning, Advances in Computing, Renewable Energy and Communication: MARC 2023, 2, 369, Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-5231-7_31.

Shereen, M. K., Khattak, M. I. and Nebhen, J. (2022) 'A review of achieving frequency reconfiguration through switching in microstrip patch antennas for future 5G applications', Alexandria Engineering Journal, 61(1), 29-40.

Shivani, V., Khasim, K. N. V., Murthy, P. P. S. N., Sujithbabu, B. and Sujithbabu, S. N. V. (2024) 'Design of Four Element Multiband MIMO Antenna for 5G Devices', In 2024 5th International Conference on Image Processing and Capsule Networks (ICIPCN), 799-803, IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIPCN63822.2024.00138.

Singh, A. K., Mahto, S. K. and Sinha, R. (2022b) 'Quad element MIMO antenna for LTE/5G (sub-6 GHz) applications', Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, 36(16), 2357-2372. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/09205071.2022.2076618.

Singh, A. K., Mahto, S. K. and Sinha, R. (2022c) 'Dual element MIMO antenna with improved radiation efficiency for 5G millimeter-wave applications', In 2022 IEEE Region 10 Symposium (TENSYMP), 1-5, IEEE. https://doi.org/ 10.1109/TENSYMP54529.2022.9864455.

Singh, A. K., Mahto, S. K., Kumar, P., Mistri, R. K. and Sinha, R. (2022a) 'Reconfigurable circular patch MIMO antenna for 5G (sub‐6 GHz) and WLAN applications', International Journal of Communication Systems, 35(16), e5313. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/dac.5313.

Swamy, B. Y. V. N. R., Chanakya, T., Kumar, K. S. V. and Sravani, J. (2024) 'Design Of 4x4 MIMO Antenna For 5G Applications', In 2024 Asia Pacific Conference on Innovation in Technology (APCIT), 1-4. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/APCIT62007.2024.10673679.

Tiwari, R., Sharma, R. and Dubey, R. (2020) 'Microstrip patch antenna array design anaylsis for 5G communication applications', Smart Moves Journal Ijoscience, 6(5), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.24113/ijoscience. v6i5.287.

Ud Din, I., Alibakhshikenari, M., Virdee, B. S., Jayanthi, R. K. R., Ullah, S., Khan, S. and Koziel, S. (2023) 'Frequency-selective surface-based MIMO antenna array for 5G millimeter-wave applications', Sensors, 23(15), 7009. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23157009.

Zhang, X., Du, Y., Qin, L. and Chen, H. (2023) 'Design of Miniaturized External Dual-Band Microstrip Circular Patch Antenna for Microwave Hyperthermia', Electronic Library. Sukhoi State Technical University of Gome. https://elib.gstu.by/handle/220612/29132.