AN INTELLIGENT SYSTEM FOR IRAQI ARABIC LICENSE PLATE RECOGNITION USING YOLO AND MACHINE LEARNING
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30572/2018/KJE/170225Keywords:
License Plate Recognition (LPR), YOLO, Optical Character Recognition (OCR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), k-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Iraqi Car Plate, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Vehicle ClassificationAbstract
Vehicle identification processes through traffic management systems depend heavily on automatic license plate recognition capabilities. The presented system uses advanced methods from deep learning and machine learning to recognize Iraqi vehicle license plates. The system uses the Tkinter-developed graphical user interface alongside YOLO for detection and EasyOCR for text extraction together with the SVM and KNN classifiers for plate classification. The system successfully divides license plates into important parts which enables the identification of governmental entities alongside vehicle class types. The evaluation metrics reveal outstanding classification performance because both SVM and KNN models delivered 100% accuracy together with 100% precision, recall and F1-score. The proposed approach performs well when compared to existing studies because its analysis demonstrates both strength and effectiveness. The obtained findings demonstrate that the system can efficiently serve real-world needs in vehicle identification and law enforcement and intelligent transportation systems
Downloads
References
Ahmed, Huthaifa A., and Emad A. Mohammed. 2022. “Using Artificial Intelligence to Classify Osteoarthritis in the Knee Joint: Review.” NTU Journal of Engineering and Technology 1(3): 31–40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56286/ntujet.v1i3.155
Ahmed, Suha, Akbas Ali, and Ekhlas Naser. 2023. AIP Conference Proceedings Iraqi License Plate Detection Using Edges and Contours with Different Acquisition Conditions. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0182345
Antar, Rayana, Johara Alotaibi, Manal Alghamdi, and Shimaa Alghamdi. 2022. “Automatic Number Plate Recognition of Saudi License Car Plates.” Engineering, Technology and Applied Science Research 12(2): 8266–72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4727
Asaju, Christine Bukola, Pius Adewale Owolawi, Chuling Tu, and Etienne Van Wyk. 2025. “Cloud-Based License Plate Recognition: A Comparative Approach Using You Only Look Once Versions 5, 7, 8, and 9 Object Detection.” Information (Switzerland) 16(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/info16010057
Awad, Mariette, and Rahul Khanna. 2015. “Efficient Learning Machines: Theories, Concepts, and Applications for Engineers and System Designers.” Efficient Learning Machines: Theories, Concepts, and Applications for Engineers and System Designers (July): 1–248. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-5990-9_1
Hajare, Gayatri, Utkarsh Kharche, Pritam Mahajan, and Apurva Shinde. 2022. “Automatic Number Plate Recognition System for Indian Number Plates Using Machine Learning Techniques.” ITM Web of Conferences 44: 03044. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20224403044
Halder, Rajib Kumar et al. 2024. “Enhancing K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm: A Comprehensive Review and Performance Analysis of Modifications.” Journal of Big Data 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-024-00973-y. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-024-00973-y
Hamed, Nama M Z, and Fadwa Al Azzo. 2024. “Advanced Methods for Identifying Counterfeit Currency : Using Deep Learning and Machine Learning.” NTU Journal of Engineering and Technology 3: 36–45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56286/ntujet.v3i3.944
Hussain, Bydaa Ali, and Mohammed Sadoon Hathal. 2020. “Developing Arabic License Plate Recognition System Using Artificial Neural Network and Canny Edge Detection.” Baghdad Science Journal 17(3): 909–15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2020.17.3.0909
Hussein, Amira Abbas, and Israa H. Ali. 2025. “3D Facial Landmark-Based Deception Detection in Video Using Gru Model.” Kufa Journal of Engineering 16(2): 180–96. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30572/2018/KJE/160211
Jumaa, Fadhel A., and Omar Muhammed Neda. 2025. “Optimal Distribution Network Reconfiguration for Loss Minimization and Voltage Profile Improvement Based on Artificial Intelligence.” Kufa Journal of Engineering 16(2): 263–79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30572/2018/KJE/160216
Kaur, Gunpreet, Amit Jaiswal, Rajesh Kumar, and Kanika Thakur. 2023. Automatic License Plate Recognition System. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCCNT56998.2023.10307008
Kheder, Harem Ali. 2025. “An Innovative Approach To Enhancing Software Development Efficiency Through Agile Methodologies.” Kufa Journal of Engineering 16(2): 328–43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30572/2018/KJE/160220
Luo, Jie et al. 2024. “Efficient Small Object Detection You Only Look Once: A Small Object Detection Algorithm for Aerial Images.” Sensors 24(21). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s24217067
Luo, Shan, and Jihong Liu. 2022. “Research on Car License Plate Recognition Based on Improved YOLOv5m and LPRNet.” IEEE Access 10: 93692–700. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3203388
Mansour, Hassanain Shakir, Morteza Valizadeh, Alaa Hussein Abdulaal, and Mehdi Chehl Amirani. 2025. “A Novel Deep 2D-Cnn Model for Ecg-Based Arrhythmia Diagnosis With Selective Attention Mechanism and Cwt Integration.” Kufa Journal of Engineering 16(2): 423–44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30572/2018/KJE/160225
Mo, Tiande, Siqian Zheng, Wai Yat Chan, and Renhua Yang. 2025. “Review of AI Image Enhancement Techniques for In-Vehicle Vision Systems Under Adverse Weather Conditions.” World Electric Vehicle Journal 16(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj16020072
Omran, Safaa S., and Jumana A. Jarallah. 2017. “Iraqi Car License Plate Recognition Using OCR.” Cihan University-Erbil Scientific Journal 2017(Special-1): 13–24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24086/cuesj.si.2017.n1a2
Panganiban, Carlos Fernando, Carlos Sandoval, Wilson Tan, and Cedric Festin. 2022. Enhancing Real-Time License Plate Recognition Through Edge-Cloud Computing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TENCON55691.2022.9978152
Shneen, Salam Waley, Rajaa Khalaf Gaber, Rasha Saad Salih, and Suaad Makki Jiaad. 2025. “Artificial Neural Network (Ann) Based Proportional Integral Derivative (Pid) for Arm Rehabilitation Device.” Kufa Journal of Engineering 16(1): 80–103. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30572/2018/KJE/160106
Srinivas, T Aditya Sai, Kaif Khan, K Karthik Reddy, and G Sai Chand. 2023. “Artistry in Detail : Mastering HOG Feature Extraction Artistry in Detail : Mastering HOG Feature Extraction.” Journal of Advances in Computational Intelligence Theory (December).
W. Devapriya, C. Nelson Kennedy Babu, T. Srihari. 2020. “Indian License Plate Detection and Recognition Using Morphological Operation and Template Matching.” Journal GEEJ 7(2): 1042–48.
Yaba, Hawar Hussein, and Hemin Omer Latif. 2022. “Plate Number Recognition Based on Hybrid Techniques.” UHD Journal of Science and Technology 6(2): 39–48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21928/uhdjst.v6n2y2022.pp39-48
Yousaf, Umair et al. 2021. “A Deep Learning Based Approach for Localization and Recognition of Pakistani Vehicle License Plates.” Sensors 21(22): 1–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s21227696
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Neaam M.Isaam Abdul-Sattar

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.












