THE EFFECT OF EQUI-BIAXIALLY PRE-TENSIONING LOAD ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF GLASS FIBER -REINFORCED EPOXY COMPOSITES

Hawraa Ali  Nasir; Mustafa Baqir  Hunain

doi:10.30572/2018/KJE/170317

Authors

Hawraa Ali Nasir Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Babylon, Iraq
Mustafa Baqir Hunain Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30572/2018/KJE/170317

Keywords:

Equi-biaxially pre-tensioning load, Mechanical properties, Glass fiber reinforced epoxy, Composite fabrication, Property enhancement

Abstract

Composite materials are widely used in engineering applications due to their high strength-to-weight ratio and tunable mechanical properties. This research aims to investigate the effect of equi-biaxial pre-tensioning load on the mechanical performance of epoxy composites reinforced with glass fibers at weight fraction of 0.35%. Four pretension load levels (0, 400, 800, and 1200 N) were applied to the fibers prior to fabrication. Tensile, impact, and flexural tests were performed to evaluate the composite behavior. The results showed that preloading significantly improved the mechanical properties, with optimal performance achieved at 800 N. At this level, tensile strength, elastic modulus, and impact strength increased by 50.14, 27, and 49.75%, respectively. and flexural properties also improved, while the flexural stress and modulus increasing by 263.3% and 76%, respectively. In contrast, increasing the pretension load to 1200 N resulted in a reduction in properties. These findings indicate that applying an optimal equi-biaxial pre-tension load during fabrication effectively enhances the overall mechanical performance of glass fiber-reinforced epoxy composites

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abbas, E.N., Al-Waily, M., Hammza, H.T.M., & Jweeg, M.J. (2020). An Investigation to the Effects of Impact Strength on Laminated Notched Composites Used in Prosthetic Sockets Manufacturing. IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng., 928, 022081. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/928/2/022081

Al-Dulaimy, A.K.M.A., Al-Hassany, M.O.A., & Shakir, S.W. (2021). The Effect of Unidirectional Pre-Load on Tensile Characteristics of E-Glass Fiber and Epoxy Composite. Materials Today: Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.571

ASTM (2014). ASTM D3039/D3039M, Annu. B. ASTM Stand., pp.1–13. https://doi.org/10.1520/D3039

ASTM INTERNATIONAL (2002). Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials. D790, Annu. B. ASTM Stand., vol.i, pp.1–12. https://doi.org/10.1520/D0790-17.2

Bekampiene, P., Domskiene, J., & Širvaitiene, A. (2011). The Effect of Pre-Tension on Deformation Behavior of Natural Fabric Reinforced Composite. Mater. Sci., 17(1), 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.17.1.250

Chen, H., Yu, F., Wang, B., Zhao, C., Chen, X., Nsengiyumva, W., & Zhong, S. (2023). Elastic Fiber Prestressing Mechanics within a Polymeric Matrix Composite. Polymers, 15, 431. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15020431

Dookhi, M.A., & Tahir, A.A. (2023). Study the Effect of External Crack on the Mechanical Properties of Composite Materials. Kufa J. Eng., 14(4), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.30572/2018/KJE/140401

Hassan, A.K.F., & Abdullah, O.A. (2015). New Methodology for Prestressing Fiber Composites. Universal J. Mech. Eng., 3(6), 252–261. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujme.2015.030605

ISO 179-1 (2010). Plastics — Determination of Charpy Impact Properties. BSI Standards, pp.1–11. https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:179:2:ed-2:v1:en

Mahmoud, M., Brahma, S., Ning, H., & Pillay, S. (2020). Development of Beneficial Residual Stresses in Glass Fiber Epoxy Composites through Fiber Pre-Stressing. J. Reinforced Plast. Compos. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731684420916534

Mahmoud, M., Selim, M.M., Ning, H., & Pillay, S. (2019). Effect of Fiber Prestressing on Mechanical Properties of Glass Fiber Epoxy Composites Manufactured by Vacuum-Assisted Resin Transfer Molding. J. Reinforced Plast. Compos. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731684419868841

Nacy, S.M., & Yaser, A.S. (2008). The Effect of Fibers Pre-Stressing on Tensile Properties of Glass Fiber/Epoxy Composite Materials. 1st Scientific Conference, Tech. Collage-Najaf, Iraq.

Nawras, H.M., Ismarrubie, Z.N., Sapuan, S.M., & Sulta, M.T.H. (2015). The Influence of Equi-Biaxially Fabric Pre-Stressing on the Flexural Performance of Woven E-Glass/Polyester-Reinforced Composites. J. Composite Materials. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998315620478

Nawras, H.M., Ismarrubie, Z.N., Sapuan, S.M., & Sultan, M. (2016). Effect of Equi-Biaxially Fabric Prestressing on the Tensile Performance of Woven E-Glass/Polyester Reinforced Composites. J. Reinforced Plast. Compos. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731684416638553

Nishi, Y., Okada, T., Okada, S., Hirano, M., Matsuda, M., Matsuo, A., & Faudree, M.C. (2014). Effects of Tensile Prestress Level on Impact Value of 50 Vol% Continuous Unidirectional Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy. Mater. Trans., 55, 318–322. https://doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.M2013278

Pang, J.W.C., & Fancey, K.S. (2009). The Flexural Stiffness Characteristics of Viscoelastically Prestressed Polymeric Matrix Composites. Compos. A Appl. Sci. Manuf., 40(6–7), 784–790. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2009.03.009

Qin, Y., & Fancey, K.S. (2020). Drop Weight Impact Behavior of Viscoelastically Prestressed Composites. Compos. A Appl. Sci. Manuf., 131, 105782. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2020.105782

Rashid, W.T. (2023). Mechanical Properties Characterization of Al-7075 / Phosphogypsum Metal Matrix Composites. Kufa J. Eng., 14(1), 67–80. https://doi.org/10.30572/2018/KJE/140105

Shallal, M.A., Khalid, N.N., Naji, H.F., & Hassoon, A. (2025). An Experimental Investigation on Improving the Bond Behavior of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Bars in Concrete. Kufa J. Eng., 16(2), 81–95. https://doi.org/10.30572/2018/KJE/160205

Širvaitiene, A., Jankauskaitė, V., Bekampienė, P., & Norkaitis, J. (2013). Vegetable Fiber Pre-Tensioning Influence on the Composites Reinforcement. Polym. Compos., 34(9), 1533–1537. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.22466

S. W.-300C Sheet (2020). Product Data, Sika Wrap ®-300 C, pp.1–5.

Use, M.O.F., Preparation, S., & Drilling, I.H. Quick Mast 105. Available at: www.dcp-int.com