Constitutional regulation for appointing the Speaker of the Iraqi Parliament according to the Iraqi Constitution of 2005

Abstract

Parliament is one of the three powers in the state. In the present era, Parliament is one of the elements of the democratic system and its most prominent indicators. Countries, whether foreign or Arab, still view Parliament with suspicion. The reason for this is that Parliament, with its presidency and membership, is the watchdog over the work of the executive authority. Likewise, the government cannot carry out its work unless it obtains the confidence and support of Parliament, especially in Iraq. The problem appears more clear due to the parliamentary experience passing through two stages. The first, in the republican era, i.e. before 2003, because Parliament was only one of the state institutions and could not deviate from the directives and instructions of the head of state. The legislation issued by Parliament was not merely the implementation of legislation issued by the government. All it had to do was support and endorse the program of the executive authority, i.e. the government. After 2003, the parliamentary system in Iraq witnessed a major transformation, as it practiced the parliamentary system in all its forms through the freedoms granted to the people. Parliament practiced the hoped-for legislative work during the first years, but this role declined due to influences, especially political ones, on its work, and political considerations dominated its work. Especially the interference in the appointment of members of the House of Representatives Presidency and the selection of the body that comprises the membership of the Permanent Bureau of Parliament, which negatively affects the performance of its work.