Assessment of Skeletal and Dental Pattern of the Mandible of Class II Division 1 Malocclusion: Comparative Cephalometric Study

Abstract

Background: Class II division 1 malocclusion represents the most common skeletal discrepancy which orthodontists see in daily practice. The understanding the morphology of the mandible is a key element in diagnosis and treatment planning in the field of orthodontics and orthognathic surgery. This study provides new information about the skeletal and dental pattern of the mandible with class II division1, based on skeletal II for Iraqi adult sample aged (18 - 26) years
in comparison with normal occlusion by means of cephalometric measurements used by clinical practitioners. (20) males and (21) females with a skeletal Class II were chosen and compared with (26) males and (28) females with normal occlusion by using the (ANB) angle. Nine angular measurements and eight linear measurements have been used in this study. 

Results: the results were as follows: When the angular and linear measurements of skeletal class I and II overall, males and females samples were compared, the retrusion of mandible with a short length of the ramus and a tendency of a backward rotation of the mandible in relation to the cranial base in skeletal class II are the most important causes of class II malocclusion with the facial profile is more convex in skeletal class II overall and males samples while, all the angular and linear measurements used in this study show no significant difference between
skeletal class I and II females, except the facial profile is more convex in skeletal class II females sample. The lower incisors is more procline in class II than in class I overall sample but this difference is not statistically significant in males and females sample. No significant difference could be noted between sexes of skeletal class II in the angular measurements. Most linear measurements were larger in males than in females class II division 1 except for two
measurements the posterior cranial base length and the length of the body of the mandible show no significant difference between class II division 1 males and females.