Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Human Papilloma Virus in Lung Cancer

Abstract

Background: Lung cancer is the common repeated cause of death in both gender. The highest risk factor for lung tumor is the smoking and the relationship of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and lung tumor has been reported. HPV can be detected in patient suffering of lung tumors. But there was conflict in the detection of (HPV) infection in patients with lung tumor as a result of racial and geographical diversiform, this current study to detect the rate of HPV infection in lung cancer tissue sample by immunohistochemical technique.

Aim of study: This study was designed to detect the presence of HPV in lung cancer patients by immunohistochemistry in specimens taken as lobectomy ,tru cut biopsy or bronchoscopic biopsy.

Methodology: A total forty 40 lung cancer tissue samples of thirty 30 male and ten 10 female patients, who had undergone lobectomy or tru cut bronchoscpical biopsy in their lungs, where involved in this study, that performed in the Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine. a University of Kufa in January 2014 to February 2015, twenty seven patients 27 were squamous cell carcinoma (67%5) and seven 7 patient were adenocarcinoma (17.5%) And six 6 patients were small cell carcinoma (15%). wart ( benign skin lesion) was considered as control involve in this study. All these cases were collected of Al-Seder Teaching Hospital and three private laboratories in AL-Najaf governorate. Their ages were ranging of 37-95 years, with mean 64.15 year and standard deviation ±11.45, thirty two 32 patient were smoker, twenty four 24 were male, while eight 8 were female smoker, while the remaining eight 8 of cases not smoking, six 6 were male, and two 2 were female cases. Labeled Streptavi- Biotin (LSAB+) method for Immunohistochemical detection of HPV was employed. The statistical analysis was officiated using the SPSS version 20.0 statistical software program. The Differences of HPV prevalence among gender, smoking status, age groups and histological cell types, were calculated using the Pearson's Chi-square test. and correlation- regression test at P value <0.05 and 0.3 respectively. 

Results: The immunohistochemistry detection of HPV was reported in seven 7 (25.9%) out of twenty seven 27
cases of squamous cell carcinoma, and one 1case (14.3%) out of seven7case of adenocarcinoma, But there was
no detection of HPV in six 6 cases of small cell lung cancers (0%). 

Conclusions: HPV expressed in lung cancer tissue, mainly in squamous cell carcinoma specially in male smoker patient but with no significant. Type of cancer and smoking and gender and age may have significant effect on expression of HPV in lung cancer. HPV play significant role as risk factor in lung cancer. 

Recommendations:
1. Incorporation of HPV immunohistochemical study with other pathological parameters will give more
accurate prediction of clinical outcome .
2. Further study with large number of lung cancer cases and with other techniques like PCR and ISH
are recommended to detect the HPV in high sensitivity and specialty.