Detect of Vitamin-D Deficiency in Children Under Five Years with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus at Diabetes and Endocrinology Center in Al- Nasiriya City

Abstract

Aims of the study: To detect Children with Type1 Diabetes Mellitus under Five Years toward Vitamin-D Deficiency, to measure vitamin D levels in children under Five Years with non- diabetes and to compare them with Diabetic child, and to find the significant relationship between Vitamin-D Deficiency and demographic data in Children with Type1 Diabetes Mellitus under Five Years.

Methodology: A descriptive analytic study design was carried out to Detect of Vitamin-D Deficiency in Children under Five Years with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus at Diabetes and Endocrinology Center in Al- Nasiriya City. The study had started in October 6th, 2019 to March 17th, 2021. Non randomize (purposive) study of 208 child divided to (104) child were selected in the study group (child under five years that suffering of type 1 diabetes mellitus at Diabetes and Endocrinology Center) and (104) child were selected in the control group (child non-suffering of type 1 diabetes mellitus at Muhammad Al-Mousawi Pediatrics Hospital). The tool of the research was questionnaire and blood sample taken for test of vitamin D. The questionnaire which has been developed and two pieces consist of the research questionnaire. The first component contains the demographic features of participants; the second part includes level of vitamin D and its effected factors domain.

Results: The distribution of Study Sample according to their Classification of vitamin D level which of 31.7% of 104 children was Severe Deficiency, 48.1% of them was Mild- moderate Deficiency, and 20.2% of them were Optimal, a significant differentiation between the vitamin D level and study group at P ≤0.05 level of one sample t test. And distribution of control Sample according to their Classification of vitamin D level which of 23.1% of 104 children was Severe Deficiency, 41.3% of them was Mild- moderate Deficiency, and 35.6% of them was Optimal. At comparative between study and control groups, we notice a decrease in the percentages of vitamin D deficiency and an increase in the optimal of vitamin D level that lead to diabetes mellitus effect on vitamin D level. Highly significant differentiation between the vitamin D level of control and study groups by t test independent sample at P ≤ 0.05 level.

Conclusion: The present study concluded that the incidence of vitamin D deficiency is high among children under five years with type 1 diabetes and the largest number of them suffers of mild to moderate deficiency. In addition, the child has more risk factors that effect on vitamin D level such as (Time of Sun light exposure, Duration of sunlight in the week, Period of Sun light exposure, Multivitamin intake and Vitamin D Supplement).

Recommendations: The work of educational seminars for parents about the risks of vitamin D deficiency. Encouraging parents of children with juvenile diabetes to monitor vitamin D levels contently