Evaluation of Bleeding Characteristics among Menopausal Women at Maternity Hospitals in Baghdad City

Abstract

Background: Bleeding can happen in postmenopausal women for several reasons. Women on hormone replacement therapy, for example, can experience vaginal bleeding for a few months after starting the hormones. It's also possible for a woman who thought she'd gone through menopause to start ovulating again. Bleeding is a possibility if this happens. Postmenopausal bleeding can be caused by a range of different factors. Polyps, endometrial hyperplasia, and endometrial atrophy are all common triggers, abnormal bleeding can be considered for sequential (cyclical) regimens if a woman has heavy or persistent bleeding at the end of the progesterone process or after the progesterone phase, or if bleeding occurs at an unplanned time during the cycle. For women on tibolone or ongoing combined HRT combination the production of amenorrhea can take up to six months. Bleeding should also be considered rare in these women if it occurs after six months of treatment or if it occurs after the establishment of amenorrhea, In a menopausal woman, postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) refers to any uterine bleeding (other than the expected cyclic bleeding that occurs in women taking cyclic postmenopausal hormone therapy). Around 5 percent of office gynecology visits are accounted.

Aims of the study: To evaluate bleeding characteristics among menopausal women and to assess women menstrual cycle and reproductive history.

Methodology: This study was conducted at maternity hospitals in Baghdad city to evaluate of sexual life problems among menopausal woman. This study was started in January \ 2021 to February \ 2021, The data regarding sexual life problems was achieved through the answering of women that attending maternity hospitals, the study consist of (200) women with menopausal age which were selected according to inclusion criteria (Women at menopausal age, Women with post-menopausal bleeding). The data are analyzed through the use of descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistics.

Results: women are suffering of moderate post-menopausal bleeding as indicated by moderate mean scores among all items related to characteristics except item of “Bleeding with mucous material” that show high and item of “Bleeding occurs during sexual intercourse” that show low.

Conclusion: Most of menopausal women are suffering of moderate post-menopausal bleeding.

Recommendations: Health care facilities provide physical and psychological counseling for menopausal woman and their husbands educate menopausal woman and their husbands about special needs of woman with post-menopausal bleeding in their sexual life.