The role of visual feedback in developing refereeing performance and reducing errors among first-class volleyball referees in Babylon Governorate

Abstract

This research aims to highlight the role of Visual Feedback in developing referee performance and reducing errors among first-degree volleyball referees in Babylon Governorate. The researcher adopted the experimental method due to its suitability for investigating the effect of the independent variable (video-based visual feedback) on the dependent variable (referee performance(

The research population consisted of all first-degree volleyball referees in Babylon Governorate (8 referees), and a purposive sample representing 50% (4 referees) was selected. Tools utilized included: a form for evaluating referee performance to record errors (such as errors in estimating violations, personal faults, and point decisions), and video recording equipment.

The researcher implemented a training program over 6 weeks, with 3 sessions per week, which involved showing video recordings of the referees' own matches, analyzing their errors, and comparing them to correct procedural models.

Statistical results showed significant differences between the pre- and post-measurement averages for all variables, in favor of the post-measurement. The highest improvement rate was in the Technical Faults variable (50%), followed by Personal Faults (48%), Estimation of Violations (45%), and Point Decisions (40%(

The research concluded that visual feedback is an effective and direct tool for developing referee performance, as it contributed to increasing the accuracy and speed of decision-making and reducing the error rate. The researcher recommended adopting this method as an essential part of referee preparation programs and equipping referee committees with the necessary technological means