The impact of a Wheatley-based educational approach on developing visual reaction time and foil thrusting accuracy in students

Abstract

The current research aims to develop an educational curriculum based on Wheatley's strategy and apply it to third-year students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Al-Muthanna University, and to determine its effect on developing visual reaction time and accuracy in fencing with the foil. To achieve this objective, the researchers used an experimental approach and a two-group (control and experimental) design with in (post test- and pre test. third-year students in the College of Physical Education and Sport Science for the academic year 2025-2026, totaling 88 students distributed across four sections, with 22 students in each section. Section (W) was randomly selected to represent the research sample, and its students were divided into two groups of 11 students each. After conducting pre-tests and dividing the research groups, homogeneity and equivalence were ensured. The Wheatley strategy was then implemented with the sample, consisting of three phases: tasks, collaborative groups, and participation. This strategy was implemented over three weeks, with one learning unit per week. Following the completion of the strategy's implementation, post-tests were administered. The results showed that the Wheatley strategy had a positive impact on developing visual reaction time and foil throwing accuracy.