Determination of Tetraethyl Lead in Gasoline fuel

Authors

  • Kadhim Hussein Serih Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Iraq
  • Maha Abd Alkadhim Abd Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36320/ajb/v14.i1.11743

Keywords:

Tetraethyl, Gasoline fuel, UV, LOD

Abstract

  Tetraethyl lead TEL is an organometallic component that is added to gasoline to improve engine performance. This material is also called an anti-knock because it reduces the knocking of the engine. The engine starts to throttle if the oil in its pistons burns quickly or after a short period of time from entering it. In this study, a sensitive,  simple, economical, fast and accurate, an indirect spectral analytical method has been developed  using Eriochrome Black T as chelating agent without use of separation and  isolation to estimate the amount of lead in the gasoline by using UV-Visible spectrophotometer instrument. The accuracy and sensitivity of the method were 99.9067 ± 0.09 and 0.0338 while the limits of detection (LOD) and qualification (LOQ) were 0.0721 and    0.2186 μg ml-1 respectively. The developed method can be applied to water, biological, environmental and fuel sample.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Balak, G. M., Volgin, S. N. and Privalenko, A. N. (2021) ‘New Methods for Atomic-Absorption Determination of Metals in Aviation and Automotive Gasolines’, Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils, 57(1), pp. 52–64. doi: 10.1007/s10553-021-01226-x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10553-021-01226-x

Crnoja, M. et al. (2001) ‘Determination of Sn-and Pb-organic compounds by solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-atomic emission detection (SPME-GC-AED) after in situ propylation with sodium tetrapropylborate’, Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry. Royal Society of Chemistry, 16(10), pp. 1160–1166. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/b104694m

Dioka, C. E. et al. (2004) ‘Liver and renal function tests in artisans occupationally exposed to lead in mechanic village in Nnewi, Nigeria’, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. Molecular Diversity Preservation International, 1(1), pp. 21–25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph2004010021

Fragueiro, M. S. et al. (2000) ‘Determination of tetraethyllead by solid phase microextraction–thermal desorption–quartz furnace atomic absorption spectrometry’, Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry. Royal Society of Chemistry, 15(6), pp. 705–709. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/B001553I

Fragueiro, S., Lavilla, I. and Bendicho, C. (2004) ‘Direct coupling of solid phase microextraction and quartz tube-atomic absorption spectrometry for selective and sensitive determination of methylmercury in seafood: an assessment of chloride and hydride generation’, Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry. Royal Society of Chemistry, 19(2), pp. 250–254. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/b309111b

Jiang, B. H. & G. B. (1999) ‘Analysis of organomercuric species in soils from orchards and wheat fields by capillary gas chromatography on-line coupled with atomic absorption spectrometry after in situ hydride generation and headspace solid phase microextraction’, Fresenius’ journal of analytical chemistry. Springer, 365(7), pp. 615–618. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s002160051532

Mahadevaswamy, M. et al. (2016) ‘Adsorption of hazardous azo dye from aqueous solution onto Parthenium flower activated carbon: Approach to the batch and regeneration studies’, Issue: Special, 4(5), pp. 790–991. doi: 10.17950/ijer/v5i4/040.

Masoud, Mamdouh S., Hammud, H. H. and Beidas, H. (2002) ‘Dissociation constants of eriochrome black T and eriochrome blue black RC indicators and the formation constants of their complexes with Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), and Pb(II), under different temperatures and in presence of d’, Thermochimica Acta, 381(2), pp. 119–131. doi: 10.1016/S0040-6031(01)00691-8.

Masoud, Mamdouh S, Hammud, H. H. and Beidas, H. (2002) ‘Dissociation constants of eriochrome black T and eriochrome blue black RC indicators and the formation constants of their complexes with Fe (III), Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II), Zn (II), Cd (II), Hg (II), and Pb (II), under different temperatures and in prese’, Thermochimica acta. Elsevier, 381(2), pp. 119–131. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-6031(01)00691-8

Polak, J. (1991) ‘Determination Of Lead In Gasolines By Differential Pulse Polarography And Differential Pulse Anodic-Stripping Voltammetry’, Chemické Listy. Chemicke Listy Location PRAGUE 6, pp. 546–553.

Pysarevska, S. et al. (2013) ‘Reactions of o,o′-Dihydroxy azo dyes with the third group M(III) ions: A spectroscopic and electrochemical study’, Journal of Chemistry, 2013. doi: 10.1155/2013/853763. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/853763

Serih, K. H. (2020) ‘A novel spectral method indirectly to estimate the lead in Cu-Zn-Pb bronze alloy’, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1660(1). doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1660/1/012037. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1660/1/012037

Szabó, L. et al. (2011) ‘Surface-enhanced Raman scattering and DFT investigation of Eriochrome Black T metal chelating compound’, Spectrochimica Acta - Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 79(1), pp. 226–231. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.02.041. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2011.02.041

The, N. (1939) ‘Edgar, G. (1939). Tetraethyllead Manufacture And Use. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, 31(12), 1439–1446. doi:10.1021/ie50360a002’, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, 31(12), pp. 1439–1446. doi: 10.1021/ie50360a002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50360a002

Tuakuila, J. et al. (2012) ‘A Biochemical Study on Lead Effect Upon Oil Refinery Workers’, Asian Journal of Chemistry. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 24(12), p. 5546.

Tuakuila, J. et al. (2013) ‘Blood lead levels in children after phase-out of leaded gasoline in Kinshasa, the capital of Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)’, Archives of Public Health. Springer, 71(1), pp. 1–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/0778-7367-71-5

Wang, Y.-T. et al. (2018) ‘A colorimetric Pb2+ chemosensor: Rapid naked-eye detection, high selectivity, theoretical insights, and applications’, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry. Elsevier, 355, pp. 101–108. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.10.027

Yu, X. and Pawliszyn, J. (2000) ‘Speciation of alkyllead and inorganic lead by derivatization with deuterium-labeled sodium tetraethylborate and SPME-GC/MS’, Analytical chemistry. ACS Publications, 72(8), pp. 1788–1792. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/ac990699v

Zhang, B. et al. (2021) ‘Advances in the Functional Nucleic Acid Biosensors for Detection of Lead Ions’, Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry. Taylor & Francis, pp. 1–17.

Downloads

Published

2022-03-11

How to Cite

Hussein Serih, K., & Abd Alkadhim Abd, M. (2022). Determination of Tetraethyl Lead in Gasoline fuel. Al-Kufa University Journal for Biology, 14(1), 38–47. https://doi.org/10.36320/ajb/v14.i1.11743

Issue

Vol. 14 No. 1 (2022): Al-Kufa University Journal for Biology

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2022 Kadhim Hussein Serih, Maha Abd Alkadhim Abd

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

which allows users to copy, create extracts, abstracts, and new works from the Article, alter and revise the Article, and make commercial use of the Article (including reuse and/or resale of the Article by commercial entities), provided the user gives appropriate credit (with a link to the formal publication through the relevant DOI), provides a link to the license, indicates if changes were made and the licensor is not represented as endorsing the use made of the work.