Detection of Visceral Leishmaniasis by Leishmania infantum using kDNA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36320/ajb/v16.i2.16053Keywords:
Visceral Leishmaniasis , L. infantum, IFAT, kDNA,PCRAbstract
Visceral Leishmaniasis is considered one of the endemic parasitic diseases transferred via sand fly Phlebotomus alexandri bite that can be transferred Leishmania infantum. This study aimed to detect visceral leishmaniasis in peripheral blood for patients using IFA test and kDNA polymerase chain reaction. Eighty samples were collected in the period (September 2022 -December 2023) from patients (1-10 years of age) suspected of VL and admitted to hospitals at several governorates in Iraq. IFAT showed positive results for 65 out of 80 samples with visceral leishmaniasis by L.infantum (81%). While kDNA results showed 60 out of 80 samples with visceral leishmaniasis by L.infantum (75% ). , the sensitivity and specificity of IFA were 92% and 100% comparison with PCR. Concerning the results sequencing of PCR products, there was one isolate of L.infantum that differed from the global isolates in the NCBI It was found variation sequences in position substitution including deletion, transition, and transversion in the local isolate registered with accession number OR886069.1 . Moreover, it was observed in the phylogenetic tree analysis, there were the highest and lowest similarity distances of the Iraqi isolate with other isolates that including the French isolate, and the Iranian isolate.
Downloads
References
Al-Naimy, A. F., & Al-Waaly, A. B. (2021). Investigation of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Cases in Baghdad Province, Iraq. Prof.(Dr) RK Sharma, 21(1), 65. https://doi.org/10.37506/mlu.v21i1.2282.
Sundar, S., & Singh, O. P. (2018). Molecular diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. Molecular diagnosis & therapy, 22(4), 443-457. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ articles/ PMC6301112
Mody, R. M., Lakhal-Naouar, I., Sherwood, J. E., Koles, N. L., Shaw, D., Bigley, D. P., Co, E. A., Copeland, N. K., Jagodzinski, L. L., Mukbel, R. M., Smiley, R. A., Duncan, R. C., Kamhawi, S., Jeronimo, S. M. B., DeFraites, R. F., & Aronson, N. E. (2019). Asymptomatic Visceral Leishmania infantum Infection in US Soldiers Deployed to Iraq. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 68(12), 2036–2044. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy811
Hantosh, H. A., & Al Lami, F. H. (2013). Prevalence of asymptomatic visceral leishmaniasis among under 5 years contacts of confirmed cases in Thiqar Governorate, 2012. J Infect Dis Ther, 1(122), 2332-0877.
World Health Organization (2022) The global health observatory. Available: https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/gho-ntd-leishmaniasis . Accessed: 29 October 2022.
Maritati, M., Trentini, A., Michel, G., Hanau, S., Guarino, M., De Giorgio, R., ... & Contini, C. (2023). Performance of five serological tests in the diagnosis of visceral and cryptic leishmaniasis: a comparative study. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 17(05), 693-699.
de Godoy, N. S., Andrino, M. L. A., de Souza, R. M., Gakiya, E., Amato, V. S., Lindoso, J. Â. L., & Almeida Braz, L. M. (2016). Could kDNA-PCR in peripheral blood replace the examination of bone marrow for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis?. Journal of Parasitology Research, 2016.
Gonçalves, C., Borges, A., Dias, V., Marques, J., Aguiar, B., Costa, C., & Silva, R. (2023). Detection of Human Visceral Leishmaniasis Parasites in Microscopy Images from Bone Marrow Parasitological Examination. Applied Sciences, 13(14), 8076.
Lévêque, M. F., Lachaud, L., Simon, L., Battery, E., Marty, P., & Pomares, C. (2020). Place of serology in the diagnosis of zoonotic leishmaniases with a focus on visceral leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 10, 67.
Freire, M. L., Machado de Assis, T., Oliveira, E., Moreira de Avelar, D., Siqueira, I. C., Barral, A., ... & Cota, G. (2019). Performance of serological tests available in Brazil for the diagnosis of human visceral leishmaniasis. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 13(7), e0007484.
Adel, A., Berkvens, D., Abatih, E., Soukehal, A., Bianchini, J., & Saegerman, C. (2016). Evaluation of Immunofluorescence Antibody Test Used for the Diagnosis of Canine Leishmaniasis in the Mediterranean Basin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PloS one, 11(8), e0161051. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0161051
Maia, Z., Lírio, M., Mistro, S., Mendes, C. M. C., Mehta, S. R., & Badaro, R. (2012). Comparative study of rK39 Leishmania antigen for serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis: systematic review with meta-analysis. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 6(1), e1484.
Bangert, M., Flores-Chavez, M. D., Llanes-Acevedo, I. P., Arcones, C., Chicharro, C., Garcia, E., ... & Cruz, I. (2018). Validation of rK39 immunochromatographic test and direct agglutination test for the diagnosis of Mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis in Spain. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 12(3), e0006277.
Alvar, J., Canavate, C., Gutierrez-Solar, B., Jimenez, M., Laguna, F., Lopez-Velez, R., ... & Moreno, J. (1997). Leishmania and human immunodeficiency virus coinfection: the first 10 years. Clinical microbiology reviews, 10(2), 298-319.
Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S. MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol. 2011 Oct;28(10):2731-9. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msr121.
Asfaram, S., Teshnizi, S. H., Fakhar, M., Banimostafavi, E. S., & Soosaraei, M. (2018). Is urine a reliable clinical sample for the diagnosis of human visceral leishmaniasis? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Parasitology international, 67(5), 575-583.
Krepis, P., Krepi, A., Argyri, I., Aggelis, A., Soldatou, A., Papaevangelou, V., & Tsolia, M. (2018). Childhood visceral leishmaniasis: distinctive features and diagnosis of a re-emerging disease. An 11-year experience from a tertiary referral center in Athens, Greece. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 37(5), 419-423.
El Hamouchi, A., El Kacem, S., Ejghal, R., & Lemrani, M. (2018). Genetic polymorphism in Leishmania infantum isolates from human and animals determined by nagt PCR-RFLP. Infectious Diseases of Poverty, 7, 1-8.
Flaih, M. H., Al-Abady, F. A., & Hussein, K. R. (2021). Phylogenetic analysis of kinetoplast DNA: kDNA of Leishmania tropica in Thi-Qar province, Iraq. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 78, 101696.
Behniafar, H., Taghipour, N., Spotin, A., Zare, Z., Tabaei, S. J. S., Kazemirad, E., Moin Vaziri, V., & Mohebali, M. (2024). Detection and phylogenetic analysis of kinetoplast DNA of Leishmania infantum infected humans, domestic dogs and sandflies in Northwest Iran. PloS one, 19(3), e0296777.
Cortes, S., Mauricio, I., Almeida, A., Cristovão, J. M., Pratlong, F., Dedet, J. P., & Campino, L. (2006). Application of kDNA as a molecular marker to analyse Leishmania infantum diversity in Portugal. Parasitology international, 55(4), 277-283.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Zeina Aldahan, Amani Mohammed Jasim, Ghanim Husien Majeed
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
which allows users to copy, create extracts, abstracts, and new works from the Article, alter and revise the Article, and make commercial use of the Article (including reuse and/or resale of the Article by commercial entities), provided the user gives appropriate credit (with a link to the formal publication through the relevant DOI), provides a link to the license, indicates if changes were made and the licensor is not represented as endorsing the use made of the work.
