Extracting mycotoxins from dairy products and detecting the responsible genes using polymerase chain reaction as forensic evidence in economic crimes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36320/ajb/v17.i2.19342Keywords:
milk , Aflatoxin B1 , gene aflDAbstract
This study includes isolate and indentify of accompanying fungi to raw milk that available in the local markets of Babylon province, as well as study their ability to produce aflatoxin B1 by the Aspergillus flavus.
The results of isolation and identify appearance of numerous fungi in raw milk to them A. flavus , A.niger , Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp. and Candida spp. that the A.flavus and Candida spp. were the most
visible fungi and highest frequency.
The results showed by using ammonia test that 80 % of the total isolates of A.flavus were producing Aflatoxin B1, but when using the chromatography thin layer technique (TLC) there are % of its islolates were producing Aflatoxin B1. The polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR) used to detection for ability of A.flavus isolates to produce Aflatoxin B1, the result confirmed that all isolated of four tested were carriers of the gene aflD which was regulator for Aflatoxins producing with 400 basebair .
Downloads
References
1. Abbas, H. K. (2005). Aflatoxin and FoodSafety.Taylor and Francis, New York, U. S. A., pp.217
2. Abdul Latif, Maha (2009). Studyof the effect of alcoholic compoundsof Rosmarinus officinalis in the growth of Aspergillus flavus and Aflatoxin secretion B1, Journal of Damascus University of Agricultural Sciences, p121-134.
3. Akande, K. E.; Abubakar, M. M.; Adegbola, T. A. and Bogoro, S. E. (2006). Nutritional and health implications of mycotoxin in animal feed. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 5(5): 398-403.
4. Alexopoulos, C. J.; Mims, C. W. and Blackwell,M. (1996). Introductory Mycology (4th Ed.). John Wiley and Sons,New York, USA. 868p . Attanayake, R.N.; Glawe, D.A.; Dugan, F.M. and Chen, W. (2009). Erysiphe trifolii causing powdery mildew of lentil (Lens culinaris). Plant Disease, 93: 797-803.
5. Basappa, S. C. (2009). Aflatoxins: Formation, Analysis and control. Narosa publishing house,New Delhi.
6. Battilani, P., 2004. Ferite alle cariossidi e umidita` favoriscono i funghi aflatossigeni. L’Informatore Agrario. 14, 47.
7. Bennett, J.W. and Klich, M. (2003). Mycotoxins. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 16, 497-516.
8. Bennett,Y.W.(2010).An overview of the genes Aspergillus . In Aspergillus Molecular Biology and Genomics, Masayuki Machida And Katsuya Gomineg.(Portland, Usa Caister Company). Pp.1-17.
9. Bertagne, S. and Casta, J. M. (2006). Towards anucleic acid-based diagnosis in clinical prasitology and mycology. Clinica chimica acta,363:221-228. Bhat, A.R.; Bhat, G.V. and Shenoy, G.G. (2010).Synthesis and in vitro antimicrobial activity of new 1,2,4-Triazoles. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacolog,53(2):267-272.
10. CAES. (2014). Reducing Aflatoxins in Corn during Harvest. Atlanta, GA: CAES Publication, University of Georgia, B 1231.
11. Farhan, M. S., & Alwan, H. R. (2024). Determination of Aflatoxin in the Blood of Patients with Hepatopathy and Evaluation its Effect on some Immune Parameters. Journal of Scientific Research in Medical and Biological Sciences, 5(3), 69-76.
12. Reena, G., & Maurya, V. K. (2024). Extraction and Purification of Fungal Mycotoxins and to Study their Effect on Various Plants. The PLANTA Research Book Series, 5(2), 1618-1622.
13. Xu, L., Chen, Z., Bai, X., Deng, J., Zhao, X., & Jiang, H. (2025). Determination of aflatoxin B1 in peanuts based on millimetre wave. Food Chemistry, 464, 141867.
14. Kabir, M. A., Lee, I., & Lee, S. H. (2025). Deep Learning-Based Detection of Aflatoxin B1 Contamination in Almonds Using Hyperspectral Imaging: A Focus on Optimized 3D Inception–ResNet Model. Toxins, 17(4), 156.
15. Gourikrishna, K. M., Unakal, C., & Preetha, S. P. (2024). Screening of aflatoxin B1 and M1 in feed, commercial, and desi chicken eggs using high-performance thin layer chromatography. Sustainability, Agri, Food and Environmental Research-DISCONTINUED, 12(2).
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 ahmed fadil
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
which allows users to copy, create extracts, abstracts, and new works from the Article, alter and revise the Article, and make commercial use of the Article (including reuse and/or resale of the Article by commercial entities), provided the user gives appropriate credit (with a link to the formal publication through the relevant DOI), provides a link to the license, indicates if changes were made and the licensor is not represented as endorsing the use made of the work.
