Correlation of Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and C-Reactive protein Levels with Clinical Diagnosis and Disease Severity in Pediatric Patients with RSV Infection
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36320/ajb/v17.i2.20255Keywords:
interferon-gamma, C-reactive protein, Respiratory syncytial virus.Abstract
Objective: To analyze the relationship between IFN-γ, CRP and clinical diagnosis of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infection.
Method: Clinical data of RSV positive children admitted to the pediatrics department of Al-Zahraa Teaching Hospital, AL-Najaf, Iraq, from November 2024 to February 2025. They were divided into three groups according to different ages, <6months, 6-11 months, 12-24 months, 25-60 months, and male group and female group according to the sex. The clinical characteristics of the children in different groups were compared, and the significance of clinical diagnosis of the children with RSV pneumonia, acute Bronchitis and Bronchiolitis was analyzed by measuring the serum INF-γ, CRP and other hematological parameters levels.
Results: INF-γ is significantly higher in pneumonia patients compared to acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis. While, WBC levels are slightly higher in bronchitis and bronchiolitis compared to pneumonia, though the overall differences are relatively low. Furthermore, CRP, a key inflammatory marker, is higher in pneumonia than in bronchitis or bronchiolitis. The mean of interferon gamma showed there were a highly significant increase in the level among RSV (+) children (181.8±47.8) when compared with RSV (−) groups (18.21±3.34), with (P= <0.001).
Conclusion: the current study concluded that, the significant differences in INF-γ, WBCs, CRP, and ESR levels suggest that biomarkers can aid in distinguishing between these respiratory conditions, contributing to more accurate clinical decision-making and may also indicate to the clinical severity of disease in those patients
Downloads
References
1.Merera, A. M. (2021). Determinants of acute respiratory infection among under-five children in rural Ethiopia. BMC infectious diseases, 21, 1-12.
2.Tazinya, A. A., Halle-Ekane, G. E., Mbuagbaw, L. T., Abanda, M., Atashili, J., & Obama, M. T. (2018). Risk factors for acute respiratory infections in children under five years attending the Bamenda Regional Hospital in Cameroon. BMC pulmonary medicine, 18, 1-8.
3.Nagasawa, K., & Ishiwada, N. (2022). Disease burden of respiratory syncytial virus infection in the pediatric population in Japan. Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy, 28(2), 146-157.
4.Hodges, E. N., White, M., & Nelson, C. B. (2022). All infants are at risk of developing medically attended respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection and deserve protection. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 226(Supplement_2), S148-S153.
5.Domachowske, J., Halczyn, J., & Bonville, C. A. (2018). Preventing pediatric respiratory syncytial virus infection. Pediatric Annals, 47(9), e371-e376.
6.Wu, P., & Hartert, T. V. (2011). Evidence for a causal relationship between respiratory syncytial virus infection and asthma. Expert review of anti-infective therapy, 9(9), 731-745.
7.Sricharoenchai, S., Palla, E., Pasini, F. L., & Sanicas, M. (2016). Journal of Tropical Diseases. J Trop Dis, 4(3), 1000212.
8.Yassine, H. M., Sohail, M. U., Younes, N., & Nasrallah, G. K. (2020). Systematic review of the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prevalence, genotype distribution, and seasonality in children from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Microorganisms, 8(5), 713.
9.Rodriguez‐Martinez, C. E., Barbosa‐Ramirez, J., & Acuña‐Cordero, R. (2022). Predictors of poor outcomes of respiratory syncytial virus acute lower respiratory infections in children under 5 years of age in a middle‐income tropical country based on the National public health surveillance system. Pediatric Pulmonology, 57(5), 1188-1195.
10.Pangesti, K. N., Abd El Ghany, M., Walsh, M. G., Kesson, A. M., & Hill‐Cawthorne, G. A. (2018). Molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus. Reviews in Medical Virology, 28(2), e1968.
11.Vandini, S., Biagi, C., & Lanari, M. (2017). Respiratory syncytial virus: the influence of serotype and genotype variability on clinical course of infection. International journal of molecular sciences, 18(8), 1717.
12.Ren, K. Y., Ren, L., Deng, Y., Xie, X. H., Zang, N., Xie, J., ... & Li, Q. B. (2021). Epidemiological characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus in hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory tract infection in Chongqing, China, from 2013 to 2018: an analysis of 2 066 cases. Zhongguo Dang dai er ke za zhi= Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 23(1), 67-73.
13.Hurme, P., Komulainen, M., Tulkki, M., Leino, A., Rückert, B., Turunen, R., ... & Jartti, T. (2022). Cytokine expression in rhinovirus-vs. respiratory syncytial virus-induced first wheezing episode and its relation to clinical course. Frontiers in Immunology, 13, 1044621.
14.Rosas-Salazar, C., Chirkova, T., Gebretsadik, T., Chappell, J. D., Peebles, R. S., Dupont, W. D., ... & Hartert, T. V. (2023). Respiratory syncytial virus infection during infancy and asthma during childhood in the USA (INSPIRE): a population-based, prospective birth cohort study. The Lancet, 401(10389), 1669-1680.
15.Arriola, C. S., Kim, L., Langley, G., Anderson, E. J., Openo, K., Martin, A. M., ... & Chaves, S. S. (2020). Estimated burden of community-onset respiratory syncytial virus–associated hospitalizations among children aged< 2 years in the United States, 2014–15. Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, 9(5), 587-595.
16.Demont, C., Petrica, N., Bardoulat, I., Duret, S., Watier, L., Chosidow, A., ... & Lemaitre, M. (2021). Economic and disease burden of RSV-associated hospitalizations in young children in France, from 2010 through 2018. BMC infectious diseases, 21(1), 730.
17.Lumley, S. F., Richens, N., Lees, E., Cregan, J., Kalimeris, E., Oakley, S., ... & Matthews, P. C. (2022). Changes in paediatric respiratory infections at a UK teaching hospital 2016–2021; impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Journal of Infection, 84(1), 40-47.
18.Langedijk, A. C., & Bont, L. J. (2023). Respiratory syncytial virus infection and novel interventions. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 21(11), 734-749.
19.Hammitt, L. L., Dagan, R., Yuan, Y., Baca Cots, M., Bosheva, M., Madhi, S. A., ... & Villafana, T. (2022). Nirsevimab for prevention of RSV in healthy late-preterm and term infants. New England Journal of Medicine, 386(9), 837-846.
20.Tabatabai, J., Ihling, C. M., Rehbein, R. M., Schnee, S. V., Hoos, J., Pfeil, J., et al. (2022). Molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus in hospitalized children in Heidelberg, Southern Germany, 2014–2017. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 98, 105209.
21.Okuyan, O., Elgormus, Y., Dumur, S., Sayili, U., & Uzun, H. (2023). New generation of systemic inflammatory markers for respiratory syncytial virus infection in children. Viruses, 15(6), 1245.
22.Harding, K. L., Aguayo, V. M., Namirembe, G., & Webb, P. (2018). Determinants of anemia among women and children in Nepal and Pakistan: An analysis of recent national survey data. Maternal & child nutrition,
23.Osman, S., Alaa adeen, A., Hetta, O., Alsiraihi, A., Bader, M., Aloufi, A., ... & Al-Hindi, M. Y. (2023). Epidemiology and risk factor analysis of children with bronchiolitis admitted to the intensive care unit at a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia. Children, 10(4), 646.
24.Kak, G., Raza, M., & Tiwari, B. K. (2018). Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ): Exploring its implications in infectious diseases. Biomolecular concepts, 9(1), 64-79.
25.Mazewski, C., Perez, R. E., Fish, E. N., & Platanias, L. C. (2020). Type I interferon (IFN)-regulated activation of canonical and non-canonical signaling pathways. Frontiers in immunology, 11, 606456.
14.
26.Kalane, S. U., Somendra, S., Patwardhan, S., Joshi, S. A., Rajhans, A. P., & Joshi, R. V. (2022). Clinical profile and outcome of respiratory syncytial virus-infected neonates—a single center experience. Journal of Neonatology, 36(2), 95-98.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 saad shabeeb
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
which allows users to copy, create extracts, abstracts, and new works from the Article, alter and revise the Article, and make commercial use of the Article (including reuse and/or resale of the Article by commercial entities), provided the user gives appropriate credit (with a link to the formal publication through the relevant DOI), provides a link to the license, indicates if changes were made and the licensor is not represented as endorsing the use made of the work.
