Nephrotoxic and Hematotoxin Effects of Sublethal Isoniazid Administration in Albino Rats

Abstract

Isoniazid, a synthetic antibiotic developed in 1952, remains a cornerstone of first-line tuberculosis treatment. Its effectiveness and specificity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis have made it a vital medication for decades. Using probit analysis, the LD50 of isoniazid was determined to be 1500 mg/kg. For the chronic exposure study, a sublethal concentration of 150 mg/kg (10% of the LD50) was administered for 30 days. The experimental design involved two groups—a control group and a treatment group—each with three replicates, and five rats per replicate. Hematological and nephrotoxic parameters were evaluated at three time points: after 1, 15, and 30 days. The study's findings revealed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in WBC count was observed on first day, but this change was no longer significant on days 15^th and 30^th. The RBC count showing no significant alterations. A significant decrease in hemoglobin was recorded on 15^th day, while no significant changes were noted on days first and last day. Platelet counts showed a non-significant alter. A significant decrease (p<0.05) in MCV was observed on the last day of the experiment. while, the kidney functions results show, a significant elevation in urea levels was consistently recorded throughout the experiment, also, creatinine value shows a significant increase in last days and non-significant increase in the 1st and 15^th days of experiments. suggesting potential nephrotoxic effects.