Occurrence of Moraxella catarrhalis isolated from respiratory tract Infection
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36320/ajb/v8.i2.9263Abstract
During the period from November 2011 to February 2012, 96 (69.1 %) isolates of M. catarrhalis were isolated from 139 outpatients of both sex (85 male and 54 female ) with respiratory tract infection (either Tonsilities , Otitis media , Sinusitis ,or Pneumonia) admitted to or presenting at two hospitals in Al-Najaf governorate. TheM.catarrhalis appeared to be the most frequent microorganism isolated in this study, which had percentage 75.6% (96) , followed by Streptococcus pneumonia, Staphylococcusaureus,and Hemophilusinfluenzae in 15.7 % (20) , 6.3% (8) ,and 2.4% (3),respectively .M.catarrhalis isolates had high frequency of isolate in throat swabs than other samples .In this study , only 14(14.6%) isolates of M. catarrhalis were produced sidrophores by growing on M9 medium .In addition, there were 72 (75%) isolates of M.catarrhalis appeared to adhere with the epithelial cells and all isolates show resistance to complement.The phenotypic resistance of 40 Moraxella catarrhalis isolates to 11 commonly used antimicrobial agents by using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. All isolate of M. catarrhaliswere appeared to show highest rate of resistance( 100%) to Penicillin and Ampicillin .Similarly, the isolate exhibited high rate of resistance to Amoxicillin (95%) and Cefotaxime(72.5%) and mild resistance to Ciprofloxacinand Cephalothin in 62.5% for each, Cloramphinicol (57.5%), 52.5% of isolate showed resistance to Gentamicin and Trimethoprim .Whereas no one of isolates show resistance to (Ampicillin +Cloxacillin) and Tetracyclin. In the present study 15 M. catarahalis isolates show MIC ofPenicillin at 512 μg/ml(ie.had highest concentration MIC) while 4 isolate show MIC of Ampicillin at 512 μg/ml.Phenotypic assay was performed to determine the presence of β-lactamase enzyme by using nitrocefin disk . while in genotypic β-lactamase assay, thebro-1 gene found in 25 (62.1%) isolates, whilebro-2 gene was presented only in 3 (7.5%) isolates.Downloads
References
Abe, M.; Takaichi, F.; Amano , H.; Tazawa, S.; Satoh ,T.; Nishizawa, M.; Takagi, T. and Miyamoto, T. (2002). Antimicrobial susceptibility and ß-lactamase producibility of bacteria clinically isolated during the period from December 1999 to February 2000]. Jpn J Antibiot 55 Suppl A:54-64.
Ad-Dahhan, H.A.(2007)Bacteriological and Immunological Study of Virulence factors extracted from Moraxella catarrhalis isolatedfromRespiratoryTractInfectionsM.Sc.Thesis.Coll.Sci.University of Al-Mustansiriya.In Arabic.
Ahmed, K.; Rikitomi, N.; and Matsumoto, K.(1992).Fimbriation , hemagglutination and adherence properties of fresh clinical isolates of Branhamella catarrhalis. Microbiol. Immunol., 36:1009-1017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1348-0421.1992.tb02105.x
Al-Mazory, K.S.(2002) Bacteriologecal & Serological studyofbacterialcauses ofpneumoniasyndromeinthecommunitywithchronicpulmonarydam Thesis.Coll.Sci.University of Al-Mustansiriya.In Arabic.
Al-tememy,B.J. (2004)Bacteriologecal study about Moraxella catarrrhalis isolated from patient with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media in Babylon governorate . Thesis.Coll.Sci.University of Al-Mustansiriya. In Arabic
Al-Turphy,B.A.A.(2000)Isolation &Identification some Bacteria and Fungi causes Otitis Media Thesis.Coll.Sci.University of Babylon. In Arabic
Balder, R.; Krunkosky, T.M.; Nguyen, C.Q.; Feezel, L.;Lafontaine, E.R. (2009) Hag mediates adherence of Moraxella catarrhalis to ciliated human airway cells. Infect Immun 77: 4597–4608. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00212-09
Bauer, A.W.; Kirby, W.M.M.; Sherris, j.s.; and Turk, M. (1966).Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method .Amer. J. Clinic. Pathol., 45:493-496. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/45.4_ts.493
Boyle, F.M.; Georghiou, P.R.; Tilse, M.H.; McCormack, J.G. Branhamella (Moraxella) catarrhalis: pathogenic significance in respiratory infections. Med J Aust. 1991 May 6;154(9):592–596. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1991.tb121219.x
Brockson,M . E.; Novotny, L. A. ; Jurcisek, J. A.; Gillivary , G. M.; Bowers, M. R. and Bakaletz, L. O.(2012)Respiratory Syncytial Virus Promotes Moraxella catarrhalis-Induced Ascending Experimental Otitis Media . 7: 1-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0040088
Broides, A.; Dagan, R.; Greenberg, D.; Givon-Lavi, N.; Leibovitz, E. (2009) Acute otitis media caused by Moraxella catarrhalis: epidemiologic and clinical characteristics. Clin Infect Dis 49: 1641–1647. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/647933
Catlin, B. W. (1990). Branhamella catarrhalis: an organism gaining respect as a pathogen. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 3:293–320. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.3.4.293
Christensen, J. J.; Keiding , J.; Schumacher, H.; and Bruun, B. (2010). Recognition of a new Moraxella catarrhalis beta-lactamase--BRO-3. J Antimicrob Chemother 28:774-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/28.5.774
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI, formerly NCCLS). 2011. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibilitytesting, Twentieth informational supplement. 30 (1)
Fung, C. P.; Powell, M.; Seymour, A.; Yuan , M. and Williams, J. D. (1992). The antimicrobial susceptibility of Moraxella catarrhalis isolated in England and Scotland in 1991. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 30:47–55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/30.1.47
Hays, J. P. (2006). The genus Moraxella, p. 958–987. In M. Dworkin, S. Falkow, E. Rosenberg, K. H. Schleifer, and E. Stackebrandt (ed.), The prokaryotes. Springer, New York, NY. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-30746-X_38
Hays, J. P.; van der Schee, C.; Loogman, A.; Eadie, K.; Verduin, C.; Faden, H.; Verbrugh, H. and van Belkum, A. (2003). Total genome polymorphism and low frequency of intra-genomic variation in the uspA1 and uspA2 genes of Moraxella catarrhalis in otitis prone and non-prone children up to 2 years of age. Consequences for vaccine design? Vaccine 21:1118-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00522-4
Hol, C. ; Schalen, C.; Verduin, C. M.; Van Dijke, E. E.; Verhoef, J.; Fleer, A. and Van Dijk, H. (2006). Moraxella catarrhalis in acute laryngitis: infection or colonization? J Infect Dis 174:636-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/174.3.636
Hol, C.; Verduin, C. M.; Van Dijke, E. E.; Verhoef, J.; Fleer, A. and van Dijk, H. (1995). Complement resistance is a virulence factor of Branhamella (Moraxella) catarrhalis. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 11:207-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.1995.tb00118.x
Jordan, K. L.; Berk, S. H. and Berk, S. L. (2010) A comparison of serum bactericidal activity and phenotypic characteristics of bacteremic, pneumonia-causing strains, and colonizing strains of Moraxella catarrhalis. Am J Med 88:28-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(90)90258-F
Kadry, A. A.; Fouda, S. I.; Elkhizzi ,N. A. and Shibl, A. M. (2003). Correlation between susceptibility and BRO type enzyme of Moraxella catarrhalis strains. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 22:532-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-8579(03)00158-4
Karalus, R., and Campagnari, A. (2000). Moraxella catarrhalis: a review of an important human mucosal pathogen. Microbes Infect 2:547-59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1286-4579(00)00314-2
Kennedy, B.J.; Novotny, L.A.; Jurcisek, J.A.; Lobet, Y.; Bakaletz, L.O. (2000) Passive transfer of antiserum specific for immunogens derived from a nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae adhesin and lipoprotein D prevents otitis media after heterologous challenge. Infect Immun 68: 2756–2765. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.68.5.2756-2765.2000
Labout, J.A.; Duijts, L.; Lebon, A.; de Groot, R.; Hofman, A. (2011) Risk factors for otitis media in children with special emphasis on the role of colonization with bacterial airway pathogens: the Generation R study. Eur J Epidemiol 26: 61–66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-010-9500-2
Lomberg, H.; Cedergren, B.; Leffer, H.; Nelsson, B.; Carlstrom, A. and Eden, C. (1986). Influence of blood group on the availabl ability of receptors for attachment of uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Infect. Immun., 51(3): 9190-9206. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.51.3.919-926.1986
Luke, N. R.;J. A. Jurcisek, L. O. Bakaletz, and A. A. Campagnari. 2007.Contribution of Moraxella catarrhalis type IV pili to nasopharyngeal colonization and biofilm formation. Infect. Immun. 75:5559–5564. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00946-07
MaccFadin,J.K. (2000). Biochemical test for identification of medical bacteria. (3rd ed .). Lippincott Williams and Winkins . Awolter Klumer Company . Philadelphia Baltimor .New York.
Martinez, G.; Ahmed, K.; Zheng, C. H.; Watanabe, K.; Oishi, K. and Nagatake, T.(1999). DNA restriction patterns produced by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in Moraxellacatarrhalis isolated from different geographical areas. Epidemiol Infect 122:417-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268899002381
McGillivary, G,; Mason, K.M.; Jurcisek, J.A.; Peeples, M.E.; Bakaletz, L.O. (2009) Respiratory syncytial virus-induced dysregulation of expression of a mucosal beta-defensin augments colonization of the upper airway by non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae. Cell Microbiol 11: 1399–1408. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-5822.2009.01339.x
Nassif, X.; Fournier,J.; A rondel, J. (1989). Mucoid phenotype of K. pneumoniae is a plasmid encoded virulence factor. Infect. Immun. (57) : 546 – 552 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.57.2.546-552.1989
Schalen,L.; Eliasson,I.; Kamme, C. and Schalen, C. (1993). Erythromycin in acute laryngitis in adults. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 102:209-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/000348949310200308
Stenfors, L. E., and Raisanen, S. (2003). Secretory IgA-, IgG- and C3b-coated bacteria in the nasopharynx of otitis-prone and non-otitis-prone children. Acta Otolaryngol 113:191-195. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/00016489309135791
Verduin, C. M.; Hol, C.; Fleer, A. ; van Dijk, H. and van Belkum, A. (2002). Moraxella catarrhalis: from emerging to established pathogen. Clin Microbiol Rev 15:125-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.15.1.125-144.2002
Verduin, C. M.; Jansze, M.; Hol, C. ; Mollnes,T. E.; Verhoef, J. and van Dijk ,H.. (1994). Differences in complement activation between complement-resistant and complementsensitive Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis strains occur at the level of membrane attack complex formation. Infect Immun 62:589-95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.62.2.589-595.1994
Verhaegh, S. J.; Streefland, A.; Dewnarain, J. K.; Farrell,D. J.; van Walker, A.E. S., and Levy, F. (2008). Genetic trends in a population evolving antibiotic resistance. Evol. Int. J. Org. Evol. 55:1110–1122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1554/0014-3820(2001)055[1110:GTIAPE]2.0.CO;2
Vries ,S.P.W.; Bootsma, H. J.; Hays, J. P.; and Hermans, P.W. M.(2009). Molecular Aspects of Moraxella catarrhalisPathogenesis.Microbiology and Molecular Biology 73, 389-406. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/MMBR.00007-09
Wallace, R. J.; Nash, D. R. and Steingrube,V.A. (1990). Antibiotic susceptibilities and drug resistance in Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis. Am J Med 88:46-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(90)90262-C
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2017 Hawraa Abdul Ameer Ali, Zahraa Abdul Hussian
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
which allows users to copy, create extracts, abstracts, and new works from the Article, alter and revise the Article, and make commercial use of the Article (including reuse and/or resale of the Article by commercial entities), provided the user gives appropriate credit (with a link to the formal publication through the relevant DOI), provides a link to the license, indicates if changes were made and the licensor is not represented as endorsing the use made of the work.