Bifurcation Analysis of the Generalized Computer Virus Propagation Model
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31642/JoKMC/2018/130106Keywords:
Computer Virus Propagation, Stability Theory, Hopf Bifurcation, Transcritical Bbifurcation, First Lyapunov CoefficientAbstract
This research examines the generalized Computer Virus Propagation Model by analyzing its local bifurcation behavior, with particular attention to Hopf and transcritical bifurcations. The stability of equilibrium points and the emergence of periodic solutions are investigated through the computation of the first Lyapunov coefficient. A detailed exploration of the system’s dynamics reveals the presence of both stable and unstable periodic solutions, depending on specific parameter choices. To support the theoretical results, numerical simulations are provided, highlighting how parameter variations significantly influence the nature of the bifurcating periodic solution.
Downloads
References
J. L. Moiola and G. Chen, Hopf bifurcation analysis: a frequency domain approach vol. 15: World Scientific, 1996.
[2] R. Wu and T. Fang, "Stability and Hopf bifurcation of a Lorenz-like system," Applied Mathematics and Computation, vol. 262, pp. 335-343, 2015.
[3] X.-D. Zhang, X.-D. Liu, Y. Zheng, and C. Liu, "Chaotic dynamic behavior analysis and control for a financial risk system," Chinese Physics B, vol. 22, p. 030509, 2013.
[4] K. M. Wouapi, B. H. Fotsin, K. F. Feudjio, and T. Z. Njitacke, "Hopf bifurcation, offset boosting and remerging Feigenbaum trees in an autonomous chaotic system with exponential nonlinearity," SN Applied Sciences, vol. 1, p. 1715, 2019.
[5] E. E. Kyaw, H. Zheng, and J. Wang, "Hopf bifurcation analysis of a phage therapy model," Communications in Applied Mathematics and Computational Science, vol. 18, pp. 87-106, 2023.
[6] H. Wang, S. Wang, Y. Gu, and Y. Yu, "Hopf bifurcation analysis of a two-dimensional simplified Hodgkin–Huxley model," Mathematics, vol. 11, p. 717, 2023.
[7] J. Guckenheimer and P. Holmes, Nonlinear oscillations, dynamical systems, and bifurcations of vector fields vol. 42: Springer Science & Business Media, 2013.
[8] H. K. Sarmah, M. C. Das, and T. K. Baishya, "Hopf bifurcation in a chemical model," International Journal for Innovative Research in Science and Technology, vol. 1, pp. 23-33, 2015.
[9] S. Lynch, Dynamical systems with applications using MATLAB: Springer, 2004.
[10] J. Sotomayor, L. F. Mello, and D. d. C. Braga, "Bifurcation analysis of the Watt governor system," Computational & Applied Mathematics, vol. 26, pp. 19-44, 2007.
[11] R. H. S. B. M. Mohammed, "Stability and Hopf bifurcation in a modified Sprott C system," Tatra Mt. Math. Publ, vol. 88, pp. 59-72, 2024.
[12] A. I. Amen and R. H. Salih, "Limit cycles of Lorenz system with Hopf bifurcation," AL-Rafidain Journal of Computer Sciences and Mathematics, vol. 5, pp. 81-99, 2008.
[13] R. H. Salih and B. M. Mohammed, "Hopf bifurcation analysis of a chaotic system," Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, vol. 34, pp. 87-100, 2022.
[14] R. H. Salih, J. C. Sprott, and B. M. Mohammed, "Bifurcation Analysis for the Generalized Nosé–Hoover System," International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, vol. 34, p. 2450179, 2024.
[15] B. Sang, "Focus quantities with applications to some finite‐dimensional systems," Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences, vol. 44, pp. 464-475, 2021.
[16] B. Sang and B. Huang, "Bautin bifurcations of a financial system," Electron. J. Qual. Theory Differ. Equ, vol. 2017, pp. 1-22, 2017.
[17] W. H. Murray, "The application of epidemiology to computer viruses," Computers & Security, vol. 7, pp. 139-145, 1988.
[18] L.-X. Yang and X. Yang, "The impact of nonlinear infection rate on the spread of computer virus," Nonlinear Dynamics, vol. 82, pp. 85-95, 2015.
[19] J. R. Piqueira, A. A. De Vasconcelos, C. E. Gabriel, and V. O. Araujo, "Dynamic models for computer viruses," computers & security, vol. 27, pp. 355-359, 2008.
[20] J. O. Kephart and S. R. White, "Directed-graph epidemiological models of computer viruses," in Computation: the micro and the macro view, ed: World Scientific, 1992, pp. 71-102.
[21] X. Han and Q. Tan, "Dynamical behavior of computer virus on Internet," Applied mathematics and computation, vol. 217, pp. 2520-2526, 2010.
[22] J. Ren, X. Yang, Q. Zhu, L.-X. Yang, and C. Zhang, "A novel computer virus model and its dynamics," Nonlinear Analysis: Real World Applications, vol. 13, pp. 376-384, 2012.
[23] J. T. Bradley, S. T. Gilmore, and J. Hillston, "Analysing distributed internet worm attacks using continuous state-space approximation of process algebra models," Journal of Computer and System Sciences, vol. 74, pp. 1013-1032, 2008.
[24] H. Yuan and G. Chen, "Network virus-epidemic model with the point-to-group information propagation," Applied Mathematics and Computation, vol. 206, pp. 357-367, 2008.
[25] B. K. Mishra and D. K. Saini, "SEIRS epidemic model with delay for transmission of malicious objects in computer network," Applied mathematics and computation, vol. 188, pp. 1476-1482, 2007.
[26] F. Wang, Y. Zhang, C. Wang, J. Ma, and S. Moon, "Stability analysis of a SEIQV epidemic model for rapid spreading worms," Computers & Security, vol. 29, pp. 410-418, 2010.
[27] L.-X. Yang, X. Yang, Q. Zhu, and L. Wen, "A computer virus model with graded cure rates," Nonlinear Analysis: Real World Applications, vol. 14, pp. 414-422, 2013.
[28] J. Li and P. Knickerbocker, "Functional similarities between computer worms and biological pathogens," computers & security, vol. 26, pp. 338-347, 2007.
[29] N. F. Britton and N. Britton, Essential mathematical biology vol. 453: Springer, 2003.
[30] L.-X. Yang and X. Yang, "The effect of network topology on the spread of computer viruses: a modelling study," International Journal of Computer Mathematics, vol. 94, pp. 1591-1608, 2017.
[31] M. R. Parsaei, R. Javidan, N. Shayegh Kargar, and H. Saberi Nik, "On the global stability of an epidemic model of computer viruses," Theory in Biosciences, vol. 136, pp. 169-178, 2017.
[32] A. Algaba, M. C. Domínguez-Moreno, M. Merino, and A. J. Rodríguez-Luis, "Study of the Hopf bifurcation in the Lorenz, Chen and Lü systems," Nonlinear Dynamics, vol. 79, pp. 885-902, 2015.
[33] H. Salih, "The stability analysis of the shimizu-morioka system with Hopf bifurcation," Journal of Kirkuk University-Scientific Studies, vol. 6, pp. 184-200, 2011.
[34] L. Perko, Differential equations and dynamical
systems vol. 7: Springer Science & Business Media,
2013.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Qaraman Muhammed, Rizgar H. Salih

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
which allows users to copy, create extracts, abstracts, and new works from the Article, alter and revise the Article, and make commercial use of the Article (including reuse and/or resale of the Article by commercial entities), provided the user gives appropriate credit (with a link to the formal publication through the relevant DOI), provides a link to the license, indicates if changes were made and the licensor is not represented as endorsing the use made of the work.









