Nurse's Knowledge concerning Infection Control in Hemodialysis Units

Abstract

Background: Hemodialysis is an essential treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease, but it involves several invasive procedures, including vascular access cannulation, connecting and disconnecting dialysis machines, administering intravenous medications, and managing catheters, all of which increase the risk of infection. These risks necessitate strict application of aseptic techniques and consistent use of protective equipment, such as gloves, to safeguard both patients and healthcare providers. Nurses are central to preventing the spread of infections, requiring not only practical skills but also comprehensive knowledge of infection control measures. Their expertise and vigilance are crucial in maintaining patient safety and reducing complications, highlighting the importance of continuous training and adherence to best practices in hemodialysis units.

Objectives: To assess nurses' knowledge concerning Infection control in Hemodialysis Units and To find out the relationship between nurse's knowledge and their demographic data.

Methodology: The study utilized a descriptive cross-sectional design conducted from October 18, 2023, to April 20, 2024, at the Hemodialysis Unit of Al-Sadder Medical City in Al-Najaf. A non-probability convenience sample of 62 nurses was included, focusing on those with at least six months of work experience in the unit. The research tool, developed and validated by the researcher, consisted of two parts: demographic characteristics (e.g., age, gender, education, and training) and 25 items assessing knowledge of infection control strategies and practices. The questionnaire was translated into Arabic and validated through expert review and a pilot study, yielding a Cronbach's alpha of 0.87. Data collection occurred from February 5 to February 20, 2023, using semi-structured, self-reported questionnaires, with strict adherence to ethical guidelines, including informed consent and confidentiality. Knowledge levels were classified as poor or good based on a scoring system, providing a robust framework for evaluating nurses’ infection control knowledge.

Results: The majority of nurses (77.4%) demonstrated poor knowledge concerning infection control, with a mean score of 1.42, below the acceptable threshold of 1.5. Only 22.6% showed good knowledge, indicating a significant gap in infection control understanding.

Conclusion: The study findings point to critical areas requiring intervention to improve nurses’ knowledge of infection control in hemodialysis units. The significant association between education level and knowledge highlights the importance of providing nurses with opportunities for formal education and advanced training.