Adiagnostic Study of the Giardia Lamblia Parasite Genotypes, Which Causes Diarrhea among the Patients in Najaf, Province, by Using the PCR Technique

Abstract

Objective: It aims to study the prevalence of the Giardia lamblia parasite and identify genotypes of the parasite in patients with diarrhea in the province of Najaf by using the microscopic examination and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Methodology: The Present study was carried out in the Department of Biology - College of Education for Girls - University of Kufa for the period of July 2011 until June 2012. The number of collected samples (100) stool samples of hospitals of Najaf province (Al-Sadr teaching hospital, Al-Hakim general hospital, Al-Zahra for childbirth and children hospital, Manathira general hospital and Al- Sajad general hospital). The statistical analysis, by using t-test and ANOVA and calculate the less significant difference (L.S.D) at the level 0.05.

Results: The results of the extraction (100) Stool Samples by microscopic examination, presence of the genetic material DNA of the G. lamblia Parasite in (41) Samples and by 41%, and results of the examination by PCR by using Triose phosphate isomerase (Tpi) Showed that there are significant differences at the level of probability, p Ë‚ 0.05. where the highest percentage infection with the genotype (B) compared with the genotype (A), were 61% and 39.1% respectively. The highest rate of infection with the genotype (B) in the semi-liquid samples was 69.3% compared to of liquid samples, which amounted to 67.9%, while the genotype (A) has the highest rate of infection in the liquid samples, which amounted to 32.2% while it was 30.8% in the semi -liquid samples . As the results showed that the percentage of infected male with the genotype (B) is more than it in females, reaching 62.5% and 58.9%, respectively, and type (A) was incidence of females was higher than in males, 41.2% and 37.5% respectively. As the results show the spread of genotype (B) in the urban area is more than it in the rural, the percentage of infection is,72.8% and 66.7% respectively, while type (A) was more prevalent in rural than in the urban, where the percentage of infection is 33.4% and 27.3% respectively. 

Conclusion: The highest rate of infection with the genotype (B) in the semi-liquid samples compared to of liquid samples, while the genotype (A) has the highest rate of infection in the liquid samples, compared the semi -liquid samples .

Recommendation: Further study the relationship between the symptoms and the genotypes of Giardia lamblia.