Construction and Standardization of a Psychological Hardiness Scale for Employees of Sub-Federations in Volleyball

Abstract

The present study aims to construct and standardize a psychological hardiness scale for the members of sub-sport federations of volleyball in Iraq, due to the essential role of this trait in facing occupational stress and achieving administrative effectiveness. The researcher adopted the descriptive survey method and normative studies on a sample of (54) members representing all sub-volleyball federations in Iraq. The construction process included defining dimensions, drafting items, validating and testing reliability, and standardizing the tool on the entire population.

The findings revealed that the scale demonstrated high validity and reliability, and that the five dimensions of psychological hardiness—stress control, commitment and responsibility, confidence, challenge, and emotional flexibility—were effective indicators of the construct. The results also showed differences in psychological hardiness levels based on administrative experience, educational attainment, and organizational position.

It was concluded that most federation members possess a moderate level of psychological hardiness. The study recommends adopting the scale officially within sports institutions and implementing training programs aimed at enhancing psychological resilience among sports administrators.